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515 > Neural Communication > Flashcards

Neural Communication Flashcards

1
Q

How do neurons communicate with each other

A

Combination of electrical activity (within neuron) and chemical activity (between neurons).

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2
Q

Action potential

A

Change in voltage that moves along the axon

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3
Q

Potential

A

Change in voltage

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4
Q

Depolarised

A

Less negative

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5
Q

What voltage triggers action potential

A

-65mV

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6
Q

Resting action potential

A

-70mV

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7
Q

Peak action potential voltage

A

+45mV

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8
Q

Hyperpolarised

A

More negative

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9
Q

Stages of action potential

A

Action potential triggered to -65mV, membrane potential reaches peak value of +45mV, potential depolarises to be less negative than resting potential.

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10
Q

Why does action potential propagate along an axon

A

Action potential triggers action potentials in adjacent areas.

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11
Q

What happens if depolarisation threshold isn’t met

A

Voltage propagates along the axon but is subject to ‘decay’

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12
Q

Salatory conduction

A

Conduction along a myelinated axon

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13
Q

Why does cable conduction occur in salatory conduction

A

Action potential cannot regenerate due to myelination

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14
Q

Where is action potential regenerated in salatory conduction

A

Nodes of ranvier

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15
Q

Refractory period

A

Time period following generation of action potential when no new action potentials can be started, or are harder to start

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16
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

New action potential cannot be initiated

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17
Q

Relative refractory period

A

New action potential is more difficult to initiate

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18
Q

Action potential is described as

A

An all or nothing event

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19
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between terminal button and a neurones cell membrane

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20
Q

What causes release of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft

A

Action potential arriving at terminal buttons

21
Q

Where does the neurotransmitter bind to on the synapse

A

Receptor sites on postsynaptic neurone

22
Q

What happens after the neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites

A

May increase or sometimes reduce the likelihood of the cell depolarising

23
Q

Where does axodendritic synapses occur

A

The surface of a dendrite or dendritic spine

24
Q

Where do axosomatic synapses occur

A

On a cell membrane

25
Q

Where do axoaxonic synapses occur

A

Between two terminal buttons

26
Q

Postsynaptic potential

A

Alterations in membrane potential of a postsynaptic neuron produced by liberation of neurotransmitter at the synapse

27
Q

Binding site

A

Location on a receptor protein to which a ligand binds

28
Q

Ligand

A

A chemical that binds with the binding site of a receptor

29
Q

Dendritic spine

A

Small bud on surface of a dendrite with which a terminal button of another neuron forms a synapse

30
Q

Presynaptic membrane

A

Membrane of a terminal button the lies adjacent to postsynaptic membrane and through which the neurotransmitter is released

31
Q

Postsynaptic membrane

A

The cell membrane opposite the terminal button in a synapse; the membrane of the cell that receives the message

32
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Space between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane

33
Q

Synaptic vesicle

A

A small, hollow, bead like structure found in terminal buttons, contains molecules of a transmitter

34
Q

Three steps of neurotransmitter release

A
  • some synaptic vesicles are ‘docked’ at presynaptic membrane.
  • arrival of action potential causes calcium channels to open in terminal button.
  • Ca+ ions enter the terminal button causing vesicles to release.
35
Q

Three processes of the fate of vesicles

A
  • kiss and stay
  • kiss and leave
  • merge and recycle
36
Q

Ionotropic receptor

A

Contains binding site for a neurotransmitter and an ion channel that opens when molecule of neurotransmitter attaches to binding site.

37
Q

Metabotropic receptor

A

Contains binding site for a neurotransmitter; activates an enzyme that begins series of events that opens ion channel elsewhere in membrane of the cell when a molecule of the neurotransmitter attaches to binding site.

38
Q

G protein

A

Protein couples to a metabotropic receptor; conveys messages to other molecules when a ligand binds with and activates the receptor.

39
Q

Second messenger

A

Chemical produced when a G protein activates an enzyme; carries a signal that results in the opening of the ion channel or causes other events to occur in the cell.

40
Q

Excitatory potential (EPSEP)

A

Excitatory depolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse caused by liberation of a neurotransmitter by the terminal button.

41
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

A

Inhibitory hyperpolarisatoon of the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse caused by the liberation of a neurotransmitter by the terminal button

42
Q

Postsynaptic potential effect determined by

A

Postsynaptic receptor, NOT the neurotransmitter

43
Q

Reuptake

A

Neurotransmitter transporter mechanisms rapidly remove the transmitter from the synaptic cleft and return it to terminal button

44
Q

Enzymatic deactivation

A

Enzymes that destroy the neurotransmitter are released into the synaptic cleft

45
Q

Neural integration

A

Process where inhibitory and excitatory potentials summate and control the rate of firing of a neuron

46
Q

Autoreceptor

A

Receptor molecule located on a neuron that responds to the neurotransmitter released by that neuron

47
Q

Presynaptic inhibition

A

Action if a presynaptic terminal button in an axoaxonic synapse; reduces amount of neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic terminal button.

48
Q

Presynaptic facilitation

A

Action of a presynaptic terminal button in an axoaxonic synapse; increases the amount of neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic terminal button

515 (15 decks)

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