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515 > Perception > Flashcards

Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

Organisation, identification and interpretation of sensory info to represent and understand the environment

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2
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Info taken from the environment/ stimuli and made sense of

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3
Q

Top down processing

A

Use of knowledge and experience to interpret the info

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4
Q

Perception is…

A

Dynamic- can be shaped by prior experience and learning

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5
Q

Stages in visual recognition

A

Vision- perceptual processes- semantic processes- object naming

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6
Q

Gestaltists

A

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

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7
Q

Perceptual organisation

A

Law of proximity
Law of similarity
Law of good continuation
Law of closure

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8
Q

Perceptual segregation

A

Separating visual input into individual objects

Thought to occur before object recognition

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9
Q

Figure ground segregation

A

One part of visual field is identified as the figure

The rest is less important

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10
Q

When does perceptual organisation occur

A

Before object identification

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11
Q

Heuristics

A

A rule of thumb

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12
Q

Advantages of gestalt approach

A

Good description of certain properties of perceptual organisation.
Many principles have stood test of time.
Evidence to suggest we are keen to perceive simplest organisation.

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13
Q

Limitations of gestalt approach

A

Not supported that it should be bottom up.
Conflicting findings on whether figure ground segregation precedes object recognition.
Only uses pictures instead of real scenes.

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14
Q

Geons

A

Geometric icons

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15
Q

Biderman five invariant properties of edges

A 
Curvature. 
Parallel. 
Co-termination. 
Symmetry. 
Co-linearity.
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16
Q

Curvature

A

Points on a curve

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17
Q

Parallel

A

Sets of points in parallel

18
Q

Co-termination

A

Edged terminating at a common point

19
Q

Symmetry

A

Contrast with asymmetry

20
Q

Co-linearity

A

Points sharing a common line

21
Q

What are especially important in object recognition

A

Degraded contours indication concavities

22
Q

Ames room

A

Visual illusion that uses top down processing to create size illusion

23
Q

Hollow face illusion

A

Visual illusion that uses top down processing to create an illusion

24
Q

Is facial processing special?

A

Faces processed in a unique way.
Evidence from babies.
Emotions.

25
Q

How do we recognise objects or faces?

A

Holistic analysis.

Analysis by parts

26
Q

Farah face recognition

A

Pots shown faces or houses.
Some shown complete items some not.
Told to associate each item with a name.
Later shown same images and told to say name they associated with.
Scored highly for partial houses but not partial faces.
‘Part-whole effect’

27
Q

Face recognition evolutionary

A

Face recognition special for survival and social interaction.

28
Q

Face recognition neurobiological.

A

Fusiform face area

29
Q

Face recognition neurological

A

Prosopagnosia

30
Q

Gibson’s theory

A

Perception was more than the ability to identify objects in our surroundings.

31
Q

Perception involves…

A

Keeping in touch with the environment

32
Q

There is a relationship between

A

Perception and action

33
Q

Information pickup

A

Looking around, getting around, looking at things.

34
Q

Gibson’s two main assumptions

A

Pattern of light reaching eye is an optic array which contains all visual info from environment striking the eye.
Optic array provides clear and reliable info in layout of objects, info comes in various forms.

35
Q

Invariants

A

Non changing features

36
Q

Invariants are important because

A

They remain the same from different angles

37
Q

Texture gradient

A

Distortion in size which closer objects have compared to objects farther away

38
Q

Optic-flow

A

Pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces and edges in a visual scene cause by relative motion between observer and scene.

39
Q

Affordances

A

Opportunities for action, do not cause behaviour-just make it possible

40
Q

Potential uses of objects are

A

Directly perceivable

41
Q

Perception of an object incorporates

A

The actions associated with that object

42
Q

Affordances are

A

Subconscious

515 (15 decks)

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