Nerve Cells Flashcards
Glia
The supporting cells of the CNS
Astrocyte
A glial cell that’s provides support for neurons of the CNS.
What does a astrocyte do?
Provides nutrients and other substances.
Regulates the chemical composition off the extra cellular fluid
Oligodendrocyte
A type of glial cell in the CNS that forms myelin sheaths
Microglia
Smallest of glial cells: act a phagocytes and protects the brain from invading microorganisms
Schwann cell
A cell in the PNS that is wrapped around myelinated axon, providing one segment of its myelin sheath
Sensory neuron
Detects change in the internal or external environment and sends info about these changes to the CNS
Motor neuron
Located in CNS and controls the contraction of a muscle or the secretion of a gland
Interneuron
Located entirely within the CNS
Multipolar neuron
A neuron with one exam and many dendrites attached to ifs soma
Unipolar neuron
Has one axon attached to its soma. Axon codices with one branch receiving sensory info and other sending info to the CNS
Bipolar neuron
Has one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma
Soma
Cell body of a neuron. Contains the nucleus
Dendrite
The branched treelike structure attached to the soma of a neuron.
Receives info from the terminal buttons of other neurons
Axon
Long thin cylindrical structure that conveys info from the soma to its terminal buttons
Terminal button
The bud at the end of a branch of an axon. Forms synapses with another neuron. Sends info to that neuron
Neurotransmitter
A Chemical that is released by a terminal button. Has excitatory it inhibitory effect on another neuron
Myelin sheath
A sheath that surrounds axons and insulates them, preventing messages from spreading between adjacent axons
Synapse
A junction between the terminal button of an axon and the membrane of another neuron
Membrane potential
The electrical charge across a cell membrane, the difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell
Resting potential
The membrane potential of. Neuron when it is not being altered by excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration
Electrolyte
An aqueous solution of material that ionises- namely, a soluble avid, base or salt
Ion
A charged molecule. Actions are positively charged, and anions are negatively charged
Electrostatic pressure
The attractive force between atomic particles charged with opposite signs of repulsive force between atomic particles charged with the same changed
Intercellular fluid
The fluid contained within cells
Extracellular fluid
Body fluids located outside of the cells
Sodium- potassium transporter
A protein found in the membrane of all cells that extruded sodium ions from and transport potassium ions into the cell
Ion channel
A specialised protein molecule that permits specific ions to enter or leave cells
