Memory Flashcards
Memory
The ability to retain as draw on past experiences and use this info in the present
Memory leads to
Creation of internal representations and these are used to affect later experience and behaviour
Memory enables us to
Learn skills and knowledge and have a concept of self
Three memory processes
- encoding
- consolidation
- retrieval
Three key operations of memory
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
Encoding
Initial formation of memory
Storage
Retention of the representation over time
Retrieval
Recollection of a stored representation memory into current use
When can forgetting occur
At any of the three key operations of memory
What kind of process is retrieval
An active process
Three part of multi store model of memory
- sensory store
- short term store
- long term store
Sensory store
Decaying vs encoding
Short term store
Displacement vs consolidation
Long term store
Interference vs retrieval
Part of working memory
- central executive
- Visuo spatial sketch pad
- episodic buffer
- phonological loop
- articulatory control
- phonological store
Duration, capacity, encoding of sensory store
Brief/fragile.
Very limited.
Modality specific.
Duration, capacity, encoding of short term store
Up to 30 secs.
7 +/- 2 items.
Visual, acoustic.
Duration, capacity, encoding of long term store
Unlimited.
Unlimited.
Semantic.
Iconic
Visual
Iconic store
Can contain 9 items.
Very rapid decay.
Echoic
Auditory.
Echoic store
Can hold info for 4 secs.
Role in speech perception.
Episodic memory
‘Episodes’ of your life. Like a diary. Key events like your 7th birthday party.
Semantic memory
Mental thesaurus. Science and maths info etc.
Procedural memory
Knowledge of how to do things. Riding a bike. Making a cup of tea.
Episodic and semantic systems are
Separate systems
What determines how well we remember something over the long term
The deeper or more elaborate the processing is
Consolidation
Process which ‘fixes’ info in long term memory
Hippocampus
Plays role in consolidation in binding together various attributes of episodic memory which are separately stored in neocortex
Amygdala
Important for emotional and fear memory
Basil ganglia
Involved in motor memory and associative learning
Frontal lobes
Left prefrontal cortex for encoding, right prefrontal cortex for recall
Three threats to memory
- decay
- displacement
- interference
