Neuroimaging

Question 1

What is neuroimaging

Answer 1

Studying the brain in action undertaking a cognitive process

Question 2

Cognitive processes can include

Answer 2

Working memory and reasoning

Question 3

What techniques do they include

Answer 3

Structural techniques

Question 4

Structural techniques

Answer 4

Computed tomography (CT). 
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Question 5

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer 5

X Ray measurements from different angles patched together

Question 6

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 6

Measurements from different angles using magnetism and radio frequencies

Question 7

Functional techniques

Answer 7

Magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).

Question 8

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Answer 8

Measures naturally occurring magnetic fields in the brain caused by electrical field

Question 9

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Answer 9

Measure brain activity using magnetic field to detect changes in oxygen in blood.

Question 10

Other techniques

Answer 10

Position emission tomography (PET).
Diffusion tensor Imaging (DTI).
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Electroencephalography (EEG).

Question 11

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 11

Radiotracer injected into arm, gamma rays emitted by radiotracer as it travels through blood stream.

Question 12

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Answer 12

MRI based method that measures location, orientation and ansiotropy of white matter tracts.

Question 13

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Answer 13

Utilises radiotracer and emitted gamma rays like PET but provides a 3D image.

Question 14

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 14

Measures electrical brain activity called event related potentials (ERP’s) which are caused by sensory, cognitive or motor events

Question 15

Neuromodulation techniques

Answer 15

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS).
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS).
Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS).

Question 16

TMS

Answer 16

Uses magnetic field to cause changes in the brains electrical field.

Question 17

tDCS

Answer 17

Uses a constant electrical current to change the brains electrical field.

Question 18

tACS

Answer 18

Uses alternating current-matched to oscillations- to change electrical field.

Question 19

tRNS

Answer 19

Uses alternating current with random amplitudes and frequencies to change electrical field.

Question 20

How to compare techniques

Answer 20

Spatial resolution.

Temporal resolution.

Question 21

Spatial resolution

Answer 21

Spatial detail of the activity

Question 22

Temporal resolution

Answer 22

The time related detail of activation: minutes, seconds, milliseconds