Sleep: Biological

Question 1

Electromyogram (EMG)

Answer 1

An electrical potential recorded from an electrode placed on or in a muscle

Question 2

Electro-oculogram (EOG)

Answer 2

An electrical potential from the eyes, recorded by means of electrodes placed on the skin around them. Defects eye movements

Question 3

Alpha

Answer 3

Smooth electrical activity
8-12 Hz
State of relaxation

Question 4

Theta

Answer 4

EEG activity of 3.5-7.5 Hz

During early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep

Question 5

Beta

Answer 5

Irregular electrical activity
13-30 Hz
State of arousal

Question 6

Delta

Answer 6

Regular synchronous electrical activity
Less than 4 Hz
Occurs during deepest stages of slow-wave sleep

Question 7

First stage of sleep

Answer 7

First Ten minutes

Moving from awake to sleep

Question 8

Second stage of sleep

Answer 8

15 minutes

Sleeping soundly

Question 9

Third stage of sleep

Answer 9

15 minutes

Question 10

Fourth stage of sleep

Answer 10

45 minutes

Question 11

Fifth stage of sleep

Answer 11

Rapid eye movement

25 minutes

Question 12

Where is acetylcholine (ACh) went to?

Answer 12

Pons, basal forebrain, medial septum

Question 13

Where is Norepinephrine sent to

Answer 13

Dorsal pons

Question 14

5-HT

Answer 14

Reticular formation, core of brain stem

Question 15

Orexin

Answer 15

Secreted by cells in the lateral hypothalamus

Question 16

Ventrolateral preoptic area location?

Answer 16

In the hypothalamus

Question 17

Flip flop

Answer 17

Areas of the brain that are responsible for wakefulness inhibit those areas that are responsible for slow-wave sleep.

Question 18

Neural control of sleep

Answer 18

Relationship between sustained neural activity and sleep may be mediated by adenosine which is released by neurons following the utilisation of glycogen

Question 19

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 19

Involved in the temporal regulation of a number of biological cycles, provided primary control over the timing of sleep cycles

Question 20

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?

Answer 20

Hypothalamus

Question 21

Drug dependency insomnia

Answer 21

An insomnia caused by the side effects of ever-increasing doses of sleeping medications

Question 22

Sleep apnea

Answer 22

Cessation if breathing while sleeping

Question 23

Narcolepsy

Answer 23

A sleep disorder characterised by periods of irresistible sleep, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations

Question 24

Sleep attack

Answer 24

A symptom of narcolepsy; an irresistible urge to sleep during the day, after the person wakes up feeling refreshed

Question 25

Cataplexy

Answer 25

A symptom of narcolepsy, complete paralysis that occurs during waking

Question 26

Sleep paralysis

Answer 26

A symptom of narcolepsy, paralysis occurring just before a person falls asleep

Question 27

Hypnagogic hallucination

Answer 27

A symptom of narcolepsy, vivid dreams that occur just before a person falls asleep, accompanied by sleep paralysis

Question 28

Hypocretin

Answer 28

A peptide, aka orexin. Produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus, their destruction causes narcolepsy

Question 29

REM sleep behaviour disorder

Answer 29

A neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralysed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams