Strafford's Trial Flashcards
What motivated Strafford’s trial?
Strafford threat as Lord Deputy of Ireland with army. As Long Parliament opened he was to accuse key MPs of treason, impeached and sent to Tower, accused by Pym of constructive treason for dividing Charles and his people. May 1640, Strafford told Charles at Privy Council meeting he had army to reduce Kingdom, interpreted as threat to England.
What led to Bill of Attainder passing?
March 1641 - trial begins at Westminster Hall, whole of Commons present and Charles forbidden from publicly attending trial. Strafford defended himself, claiming accusation flawed and winning Lords. Pym passed Bill of Attainder, passed by Lords 10 May. 200 voted yes in Commons, 59 against, while Army Plot won over Lords with 7 vote victory,
What pushed Charles to consent to the Bill of Attainder?
With mobs outside Whitehall and Henrietta’s pleas’ alongside Strafford writing a letter on 5 May telling Charles to sign the Attainder to prevent further evil, Charles eventually consented and Strafford was killed on 12 May 1641, but Junto could not take over Strafford as on 9 May, Bedford, having best relationship with Charles, was killed.
Why was Parliament losing time?
While Parliament was passing legislation to end prerogative government, it relied on the Scots army to keep them safe from dissolution, but the Scots demanded abolition of bishops and £850 a day to maintain the Scots army; Parliament was popular for opposing tax, so time was not on its side.
What bills did Parliament pass to ensure its security in opening and dissolving 1641?
Triennial Act 1641 – Passed to have Parliament every three years and call with Sheriffs if Charles failed. He resisted passing the bill but financial pressure was used. Charles was thought to ignore the bill and had to sign a bill allowing Parliament to dissolve only with its own consent. Due to ‘army plot’ fears, the bill was passed very quickly.
What was the Army Plot?
Angered at Parliament’s treatment of Charles, the army planned to send 100 from York to London to save Strafford from the Tower and dissolve Parliament, but this failed when the tower was well-protected. Army Plot, 3 May.
What remedial acts were passed July-Aug 1641?
- Tonnage and poundage a few months, Parliament to consent to other revenue.
- July 1641 act to abolish Star Chamber and Court of High Commission.
- Aug 1641 ship money and knighthoods for tax outlawed, forest boundaries returned. Charles dependent on Parliament.
- June 1641 Pym increased 2 subsidies to 6 bringing £300,000. Scottish army needed £230,000. Poll tax to pay both armies off.
What were Ten Propositions?
Ten propositions June 1641 - Charles was to visit Scotland, Aug. Propositions included getting rid of evil councillors, giving Parliament control of military, excluding Catholics as Queen’s advisors. Was a turning point - radical restriction.
What inspired Protestation Oath?
Rise of royalist party. Some wanted CofE others wanted complete reformation and no more popist practise. Root and Branch reformers wanted rid of bishops who supported royalty. Parishes tore down altar rails, tables moved to centre. Church had lack of order and in 1641 Windsor riots. Pym passed Protestation Oath to defend Church with Henrietta seeking aid from continent and army plot in May 1641
How did Parliament’s power rise as Charles visited Scotland in August 1641?
Parl set two committees, one to monitor Charles, one for business. Simonds D’Ewes told Parl both houses could issue ordinances with validity of statutes. Sept 1641 Charles promised Scot Parl they could approve his officials then appointed Earl of Morton Chancellor. The Incident was a ploy to assassinate Covenanters such as Argyll and Duke of Hamilton. Charles tried to prove innocence with hundreds of armed men.
When was the Irish Rebellion?
Nov 1641 - Irish rebellion, Irish Catholics begin waves of killings. 200,000 said to die, likely closer to 5000.
When was Grand Remonstrance?
Grand Remonstrance - Charles wanted to intervene with Irish rebellion by sending army. Parl suspicious and Commons vote 151-110 to approve councillors with Earl of Essex controlling trained bands south of river Trent, rising power. Pym passed Grand Remonstrance in Nov, 159 for, 148 against, for further reform and criticisms of Charles. Creation of royalist party and people demonstrated in favour of Charles
What bill did Commons pass in 1641?
Oct 1641 Commons pass bill which Lords reject for no bishops in Lords. Mob keeps them out. 12 members returned demanding decisions made in their absense void so Lords finally agreed to exclude bishops
What was 5 members case?
5 members - 4 Jan 1642 Charles accuses Pym, Hampden, Haselrig, Holles, and Strode of treason. Armed forces sent to Commons. Puritan city defended the 5 members and Charles lost support with demonstrations on 10th Jan leading to him fleeing to York. Parliament passed militia ordnance. Between April-July 1642 Charles failed to capture Hull for ammunition or Manchester
How did war break out?
19 Propositions, June 1642 - Parl to control advisors, army, Church reform, foreign policy, Lords members, and marriage/education of Charles’ children. Extremist. In July 1642 Parliament raised an army and in August 1642 Commons blamed Charles for starting war. 22 Aug - Charles called standard to call loyal subjects
