Foreign Policy James Flashcards
What was England’s situation in 1603?
England’s situation – in 1603 was at war with Spanish Armada for 18 years as Protestant minority and James had difficulty as the country had a small navy and no substantial armed forces, alongside reluctant Parliament. Netherlands had disputes and France too suspicious.
What treaties were signed 1604-11?
1604 – Treaty of London ends war with Spanish+ Spanish Netherlands and opens cloth industry trade.
1609 – War between Spain and Netherlands put to end. Louis XIII, pro Habsburg, becomes king in France.
1611 – Britain joins Protestant Union and encourages Dutch to.
Who did Elizabeth marry and what were benefits?
Elizabeth married Frederick V of the Palatinate in Europe of Protestant countries. James could mediate in dispute between Sweden and Denmark, 1613, alongside budging Cleves-Julich crisis caused when William of Cleves Julich died in 1609 by 1614. People wanted to seize lower Rhine.
How did the Thirty Years War break out?
23 May 1618 – four Catholic councillors thrown from Bohemia building due to Ferdinand being anti-Protestant, Frederick V of Palatinate takes crown on 26 August 1619. Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Empire and defeats Frederick at Battle of White Mountain replaced by Catholic Maximilian of Bavaria. England organised Parliament in 1621, only offering two subsidies but threatening end of Twelve Year Truce between Dutch and Spain to get Habsburgs to negotiate.
How did negotiations occur during Thirty Year War?
Elizabeth and Frederick were made to flee. James encouraged Spain to make Frederick get reappointed to Palatinate. At 1622 Spanish Match spain couldn’t promise this and Spanish expected better treatment of Catholics in England, learned by Charles and Buckingham in February 1623 when they visited Spain. Count of Olivares opposed match.
What were results of Thirty Year War?
James couldn’t afford intervention and agreed to limited expedition under German mercenary Mansfeld and to create anti-Habsburg alliance. In 1625 most fell it at Flushing of plague. James died in March.
Treaties of Westphalia - 1648.
How were relations with Spain and Henry IV of France?
Phillip I of Spain died after 1598 and British took up naval victories and discussed preying on Spanish shipping.
King Henry IV of France was a Catholic convert who wanted to help Dutch Protestants as after 1609 12 Year Truce troops remained in Netherlands. England wanted loans repaid. Henry made alliances with German Protestants leading to his assassination.
Why was Louis XIII a problem?
Louis XIII wanted to marry a Spanish Princess, creating a Roman Catholic power bloc which would need to be neutralised through integration.
What happened at 1614 Spanish Match?
1614 Spanish Match – Charles to marry Spanish Infanta. Encouraged by Count of Gondomar. Howards tempted by £600,000 dowry but Neville, Winwood, and Southampton protested. Children would have to be raised Roman Catholic and there would be Roman Catholic Courts ending the marriage.
