Interregnum and First Protectorate Flashcards
What was healing and settling and the millenarianism philosophy?
Healing and settling promoted for religious toleration. Cromwell allowed free consciences unless sects were subversive. Millenarianism was belief in providence and that the shift in government would lead to Christ ruling for 1000 years giving civilians little need to comply with laws.
Who were the baptists?
Baptists believed that faith was a matter of experience, so promoted adult baptism and denied organised Church. Particular baptists didn’t cooperate with sects. Feared for association with German Anabaptists and Cromwell defended them.
Who were Independents?
Independents rejected national organised Church and made up of gathered Churches, congregations of godly people who came to worship the Lord. Oliver Cromwell disliked imposing organisation
Who were the Fifth Monarchists?
Fifth Monarchists never numbered over 10,000. Key member Colonel Thomas Harrison. Inspired by Book of Revelations and felt Charles’ execution would usher in reign of King Jesus. Called for end of earthly governments and challenged Cromwell as Barebones failed. 1657 tries to assassinate Cromwell.
Who were the Muggletonians?
Muggletonians inspired by Lodowick Muggleton who believed that god gave him the power to save or damn. Set in 1652, welcomed in elect who could be saved and rejected laws. Too small to be threat.
Who were Seekers and Ranters?
Seekers believed in inner light and searched themselves for God’s divine spirit, Ranters declaimed their thoughts out loud. Inspired 1650 Blasphemy Act as Ranters lived communally with many wives
Who were Quakers?
Quakers had their movement formed by George Fox in 1650s. By 1660 had 50,000 members. Would meet and call out thoughts given to them by the Lord, quaking. God’s message came through inner light. Rejected earthly authority with refusal to pay tithes and shouting at preachers. 2000 trialled.
What was the Instrument? (set Nov 1653)
The Instrument had a Lord Protector and Council of State, a single chamber Parliament with 400 MPs from England and Wales, 30 MPs from Ireland and Scotland, the right to vote for those with property over £200, royalists debarred from running or being elected, national Church allowing freedom of religion excluding popery or radical sects. 30,000 soldiers in standing army, with Cromwell rejecting King title and wearing a black coat at his ceremony.
What ordinances did Cromwell pass before opening?
Ordinances preceded Parliament, passed 9 months before. Assessment and excise - a tax on goods - regulated, religion reorganised, and legal reform, Army Council set the Instrument. Never ratified. March 20 1654 Commission of Triers set to screen clergy.
When did the first Parliament open and why was it dissolved?
Sept 3 1654 460 members welcomed in, republicans and presbyterians criticised Cromwell and the Instrument with Commonwealthsmen denouncing Cromwell and demanding standing army be reduced from 50,000 to 30,000. Parl had concerns over healing and settling and the oath of loyalty led to 100 being excluded for regusal to take it. None of Cromwell’s 84 ordinances passed. Jan 1655 Parl dissolved for trying to quash Cromwell’s power in a bill, Petition of the Three Colonels argued Cromwell had more power than King.
