Civil War discussion Flashcards
What arguments surround the causes of English civil war?
Whigs – CW caused by long term battle between Crown and Parliament, Marxists – rising gentry vs declining aristocracy, revisionists – short-term causes after 1637. Some post revisionists blame James’ ruling.
What were cavalier and constitutional royalists?
Cavalier royalists supported Charles, constitutional royalists supported the monarchy.
What was Zagorin’s argument and what did Underdown’s studies show?
Zagorin argued Civil War was a war within the political elite. Studies by Underdown have shown support was partially reliant upon geographical location. However, Derbyshire miners supported royalists due to short term motives.
What arguments surrounded localism?
Localism – Alan Everitt found Kent to be mostly neutral with characteristics of community. However, people were politically engaged on a national scale. Many supported royalist cause as Parliamentarians were disruptive and taxed more.
What evidence shows religion had a large role to play in war?
Sir John Hotham, governor of Hull, led his city to support the king in 1643 due to fear of disorder and radical Puritan elements on the City Council. Only 25% of English participated in the English Civil War. The bulk of pamphlets issued in 1641-2 related to religion.
What was the private commissariat?
The New Model Army employed a system with merchants who bought and transported food and took responsibility for lost inventory, allowing the NMA to concentrate. London’s buying power allowed it to feed the army. The Chamber of London operated as a central bank for the parliament army to borrow freely and the private commissariat operated well.
How were royalists and the NMA clothed?
London merchants employed hundreds of workers to produce uniform for the New Model Army, with the red coat. The New Model Army instituted quality control by inspectors before deliveries could be accepted. Royalists also had many towns specialising in textile manufacturing. The Irish often suffered shortages.
Why were royalists disadvantaged in armour?
London manufacturers were able to fulfil Parliament’s armour requirements but Royalists continued to be reliant upon imports from Low Countries and Denmark.
How did royalists recover navy defection?
Parliament was initially advantaged due to defection of the navy in 1642 but royalists captured almost all south-western ports in the first eight months of 1643 enabling Charles to create a substitute navy.
Outline the Self Denying Ordinance?
Zouch Tate pushed for the Self-Denying Ordinance. When it passed, the New Model Army was to be financed by £53,000 a month assessment, rising to £120,000 by 1649. The Lords resisted the officer list but by a narrow margin were made to accept it.
What did funding of the NMA look like?
The New Model Army members were generously funded with the foot paid 76 cent and the cavalry 58 cent between April 1645 and June 1647.
Why was the NMA seen as religious?
Four of five generals including Fairfax, Cromwell, Skippon, and Ireton, were devout Puritans and heavily influenced the New Model Army.
