Charles Parliaments Flashcards
What happened at 1625 Parliament?
1625 Parliament; Charles requests £1m for war effort but Parl only votes two subsidies of £140,000 and tonnage and poundage for a year – Sir Edward Coke directed attack on failed Lord High Admiral Buckingham who had too much power over Charles. Charles criticised for supporting Montagu, appointing him royal chaplain, showing his loyalties were with anti-Calvinism, didn’t gain influential support. Parl dissolved.
What happened at York House Conference?
Feb 1626, requested by Earl of Warwick, religious discussions to be held regarding Montagu’s writing. Buckingham took William Laud’s stance and wasn’t persuaded away from anti-Calvinism. Richard Cust argued Charles refused to engage, seeing royal authority threatened.
How did Mansfeld and Christian IV fail?
Mansfeld/Christian IV Failure: 1625, 6000 sent to Holland with no training and limited equipment, 4000 died of disease and starvation. Aug 1626 IV’s forces defeated by Catholics.
How was opposition removed before 1626 Parliament?
Buckingham made Coke and Wentworth sheriffs to make writs for elections. Buckingham removed Parliament opposition such as Earl of Arundel and lord/deputy lieutenants. Charles tried to concede by punishing recusants and threatening return of La Rochelle ships, stirring war with France.
What conflict undermined 1626 Parliament?
Laud opened ceremony on obedience to Charles, Parl poorly funded. Buckingham’s impeachment was pushed in the Lords with John Eliot directing attack and Earl of Arundel’s support. Earl of Bristol knew of Charles 1623 bribes to Spanish courtiers and was charged with treason but Bristol gave evidence to Lords of Buckingham’s guilt.
How did 1626 Parliament close?
Charles issued a speech reminding Parliament that he had granted them their rights and held the right to dissolve them. He proceeded to do this.
How did Charles try to raise revenue between 1625-7?
1625 benevolence requested, 1626 failure of Ship Money to finance Charles led to Forced Loan of 5 subsidies with people summoned to public meetings, failure to pay being opposition. Richard Cust: ‘Test of political loyalty.’ 1627 – Thomas Scot, MP for Kent, likened Buckingham to Agag and Charles to Saul, encouraging subjects to disobey tyrants.
Who was punished for not paying or doubting Forced Loan?
Chief Justice Carew, judge, dismissed for doubting Forced Loan legality. Archbishop of Canterbury Abbott suspended for refusal to license Arminian cleric Robert Sibthorpe’s sermon promoted the Forced Loan. 76 imprisoned for not paying and only 70% of loan raised, £267,000. Principled opposition.
What was the Five Knights’ Case?
November 1627, five main loan resistors who were imprisoned issued a writ of habeas corpus, an ancient right where they had to be tried or released. Charles upheld prerogative to imprison loan resistors with no trial.
What tensions commenced in 1628 Parliament?
5 subsidies offered if grievances approached as requested by Sir John Coke: Extra-parliamentary tax (tonnage+ poundage), billeting in south west with families made to offer free quarter to army members; martial law – absolutist, right to fair trial. Attorney General Heath made right to arrest without trial a general right – anyone could be sent to the Tower. Sir John Eliot was one of a few radical MPs to set Bill of Rights, more moderate Petition of Right made by Sir Edward Coke.
What did Petition of Right agree to?
The Petition of Right agreed to: have Parliament’s consent on taxation; make imposition of billeting/martial law illegal; imprisonment only allowed for just cause.
How did 1628 Parliament end?
On June 7 1628 Charles, under threat of proceeds against Buckingham, accepted the petition but was forced to repeat this as he didn’t do this conventionally but the damage was done.
Remonstrance against Buckingham 17 June 1628, a week later another one due to Charles collecting tonnage and poundage, Coke : ‘Buckingham cause of our miseries.’ His position threatened. Charles dissolved Parliament and claimed his right to tonnage and poundage.
How was Buckingham assassinated?
23 August 1628, as Buckingham left Greyhound Inn, Portsmouth, he was stabbed in the chest by Felton, a man who felt he should have been promoted to captain and plunged into debt by delayed pay. As they searched for a Frenchman, he emerged and was hung at Tyburn with his body hung in chains outside Portsmouth.
What were consequences of Buckingham’s assassination?
British celebrated with bonfires. Buckingham’s funeral occurred on 18 September 1628 with porchlit procession to Westminster. Charles withdrew and came closer to Henrietta Maria, a turning point as his relations with Parliament were devastated. Henrietta was criticised for her Catholic religion in Seven Problems Concerning Antichrist, 1625.
What were 1629 Parliament concerns?
- Charles claimed rights to tonnage and poundage and impositions.
- Appointed William Laud Bishop of London in 1628 and Montagu to Chicester, anti-Calvinist actions.
