Laudianism Flashcards
What changes did William Laud establish as Archbishop of Canterbury after 1633?
Laud moved communion table from nave of parish church to East end and railed off, emphasizing sacrament of altar and attacking predestination. Archipiscopal visitations for conformity. Family pews removed to enforce conformity. Promoted beautification of Church and promoted sacraments over sermons.
What did Dr George Morley claim?
Wanted a monopoly over senior Church offices. Dr George Morley claimed Arminians owned ‘all the best bishropics and deaneries.’
How did Charles and Laud made the Church more popist and exclusive?
Charles banned discussion of predestination, beautification of Church debated, a Laudian style to foster beauty of holiness. Laud claimed ceremony shielded Church from profaneness, wanting altar at East end against chancel + railed in, communicants kneeling when receiving bread/wine, and tables railed off to prevent dogs desecrating on table. Seats around chancel removed.
How did Churches challenge Charles?
1633, at request of Dean and Chapters, parishioners of St Gregory’s Church near St Paul’s Cathedral, challenge east altar. Charles said at test case bishop at each diocese could decide.
What was the debate regarding altars? What book was published?
1637 bishop John Williams of Lincoln arrested, wrote ‘The Holy Table, Name, and Thing,’ arguing communion tables should be lengthwise in chancel and at east end for communion. 1640, 80% of altars railed in, most moved them in 1641 when Commons allowed it. Laud wanted to promote sacraments, eucharist most, and claimed altars were greatest place of god’s residence – transubstantiation.
How did Impropriations end? When was Book of Sports issued again?
Feb 1633 ends Impropriations for Feoffees, seen as Puritan plot. In October 1633 reissued Book of Sports allowing archery and dancing during Sabbath.
How did the position of bishops change?
Bishops gained authority, divine right to office above rest of clergy. Bishop Juxon of London became first clerical Lord Treasurer since Mary’s reign. Regaining alienated Church lands met with hostility.
How did Earl of Bedford see Laud?
Earl of Bedford saw Laud as the ‘little thief,’ who was put in the window of the Church to restore popery as the Church was positioned closer to the Church of Rome as opposed to Geneva.
What happened in 1637 to Prynne, Burton, and Bastwick?
1637 William Prynne, Henry Burton, John Bastwick, fined £5000 and in trouble for libel with ears cut and life imprisonment for producing pamphlets against Laud and bishops for popism. Blackened name of Star Chamber.
What was the degree of opposition?
Lord Brooke had secret meetings and 15,000 fled to New England. Literate Calvinists vocal in protest and likely to attend Parliament. Most followed consensus and found salvation in sacraments. 75% of 9000 parishes had railed off altars.
What did L J Reeve argue?
L J Reeve : Arminians didn’t succeed until 1633 when Abbott died and Laud succeeded to Canterbury, pushing for altars to be railed off.
Outline Wentworth’s rise in power.
Wentworth rivaled Sir John Saville, Buckingham’s client, for elections in Yorkshire. 1626 elected sheriff, 1627 arrested 6 weeks for refusal to pay Forced Loan, 1628 part of Petition of Right. Was hardworking, expected lots, gilded own pockets. In 1628 made President of the Council of the North. In 1629 Privy Council appointed. Too distant to Charles in Ireland.
What was thorough?
Thorough saw Laud and Strafford want unpaid JPs and government accountable. 1631 Book of Orders set responsibility and reports were made to privy council daily. More mustering and equipment to militia requested.
What did Strafford do for old and new English in Ireland?
Old English - In 1633 Strafford Lord Deputy. In 1634 rejected three graces which Old English had paid £120,000 for over three years. Wanted relaxed recusancy, security for landowners over 60 years, relaxed oath of supremacy. New English - Had influence in Ulster Plantations. In 1634 39 Articles replaced more Protestant 1615 Irish Articles. Extended English settlement, returned lands, heavy financial dealing.
What aggressive measure did Strafford implement in Ireland?
Moved Earl of Cork’s wife’s tomb for railed in altar at St Patrick’s Church. Tripled customs for improved trade and agriculture. 7 Nov 1640 Protestants and Catholics have remonstrance leading to Protestants demanding tougher measure against Catholics. Army was raised and intimidation at Irish Council. 1634 Parl paid 6 subsidies.
