stomach

Question 1

stomach compliance

Answer 1

no increase in pressure within the stomach therefore the stomach contents remains in the stomach

Question 2

H+ and pepsinogen secretion is increased by __________ and inhibited by ____________

Answer 2

H+ and pepsinogen secretion is increased by gastrin and inhibited by somatostatin

Question 3

pH of the stomach is low and this stimulates D cells to secrete somatostatin that in turn inhibits gastrin release from GI cells

Answer 3

interdigestive phase

Question 4

mediated through the vagus nerve/submucosal plexus and is a positive regulator for all stomach functions

Answer 4

cephalic phase

Question 5

mediated by food entering the stomach. this causes firing of the stretch receptors, increase pH and the release of gastrin. Mucin, pepsinogen, H+ and gastrin release is timulated. Gastrin release is increased due to increased pH and digestive products being produced. gastrin also causes an increase of stomach mixing

Answer 5

gastric phase

Question 6

mediated by digestive products and H+ moving into the small intestine. These materials cause the release of CCK, GIP and secretin that inhibit H+, pepsinogen and stomach mixing and slow releasing of material from the stomach into the small intestine

Answer 6

intenstinal phase

Question 7

passage time through the esophagus

Answer 7

10 s

Question 8

begins protein digestions

Answer 8

pepsin

Question 9

______ strongly increases vascular permeability

Answer 9

histamine

Question 10

D cells release

Answer 10

somatostatin

Question 11

inhibits gastrin release

Answer 11

somatostatin

Question 12

G cells release

Answer 12

gastrin

Question 13

stimulates acid secretion and pepsinogen secretion

Answer 13

gastrin

Question 14

cell source of gastrin releasing peptide

Answer 14

vagal nerve endings

Question 15

target of gastrin

Answer 15

parietal cell in the stomach

Question 16

target of gastrin releasing peptide

Answer 16

antrum of stomach

Question 17

target of somatostatin

Answer 17

stomach

Question 18

release H+ and intrinsic factor

Answer 18

parietal cells

Question 19

release pepsinogen which is cleaved to the active protease pepsin

Answer 19

chief cells

Question 20

gastrin stimulates ____ and ____ to secrete more pepsinogen, H+ and intrinsic factor

Answer 20

chief and parietal cells

Question 21

cephalic phase positive regulators

Answer 21

1. food
2. vagus nerve
3. chief cells, mucous cells, parietal cells and G cells

Question 22

Gastric phase regulators

Answer 22

1. stretch receptors leads to distension of stomach
2. acid release
3. gastrin relase

Question 23

pepsinogen is secreted by the

Answer 23

chief cells

Question 24

the bulk of protein digestion does not occur in the stomach but in the small intestine

Answer 24

yep

Question 25

how does low pH affect gastrin release?

Answer 25

low pH stimulates D cells to secrete somatostatin which inhibits gastrin release

Question 26

inhibition of gastrin release leads to

Answer 26

decrease in parietal cell, chief cell and ECL cell release

Question 27

Most H+/K+ ATPase are sequestered within ______ in the parietal cell cytoplasm until there is a rise in pH and they fuse with cell membranes to pump out hydrogen ions

Answer 27

tubulovesicles

Question 28

med that buffers stomach acid

Answer 28

antacids

Question 29

med that blocks histamine binding to parietal cells

Answer 29

H2 receptor blockers

Question 30

drug forms covalent bond to proton pump and inactivates its function

Answer 30

proton pump inhibitors

Question 31

majority of chyme entering the small intestine is

Answer 31

< 1mm

Question 32

the functional purpose of the inhibitory gastric secretion by intestinal factors is the slow passage of chyme from the stomach when the small intestine is already filled or already overactive

Answer 32

yep