review

Question 1

nocturnal diarrhea

Answer 1

organic caused not a functional problem but more of an inflammatory issue

Question 2

inflammatory diarrhea usually presents with

Answer 2

bloody diarrhea except microscopic colitis which is inflammatory but does not present with blood

Question 3

ways to identify causes of inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 3

stool cultures and colonoscopy w/ biopsys

Question 4

diarrhea that will slow down if you dont eat

Answer 4

osmotic

Question 5

diarrhea will not slow down with absence of eating

Answer 5

secretory

Question 6

carcinoid syndrome is only present when

Answer 6

mets it reaches the liver.

Question 7

identifying osmotic vs secretory

Answer 7

using the fecal osmotic gap:

osmotic > 125
secretory <50

Question 8

electrolytes form a major role in this type of diarrhea

Answer 8

secretory

Question 9

ways to identify steathorrea

Answer 9

1. stool for detection of fat
2. fecal elastase- pancreatic insufficiency
3. serum IgA TTG- celiac

Question 10

secretin stimulation test

Answer 10

invasive test for checking pancreatic insufficiency since secretin stimulates bicarb release… very sensitive test

Question 11

NOD2 and CARD15

Answer 11

genetic susceptibility to crohs disease that involves the ileum

Question 12

IBD is due to a

Answer 12

chronic inflammation mediator imbalance such as TNA-alpha and IL-12 that are elevated pro-inflammatory agents

Question 13

UC will present with what type of diarrhea

Answer 13

bloody

Question 14

complication seen only in UC and not in CD

Answer 14

toxic megacolon

Question 15

long term of UC consequence

Answer 15

colon cancer; risk increases with years and surveillance is needed

Question 16

microscopic colitis

Answer 16

possible drug induced chronic inflammation disorder of the colon

Question 17

which one is more common acute colonic ischemia or acute mesenteric ischemia involving small intestine

Answer 17

acute colonic ischemia

Question 18

which hepatitis viral infection will rarely result in fulmiant liver

Answer 18

HCV

Question 19

HBsAg+

Answer 19

marker of chronic HBV

Question 20

antibody produced in HCV

Answer 20

not protective just a marker

Question 21

anti HBcIgM

Answer 21

acute HBV to the core antigen

Question 22

resolved acute infection HBV serology

Answer 22

1. antiHBs
2. anti- HBcIgG
3. anti-Hbe

Question 23

non cirrhotic risk for people with a crhonic infection active immune

Answer 23

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 24

in hereditary hemochromatosis where is starts first the deposits

Answer 24

periportal hepatocytes

• iron overload in blood transfusion starts at kuppfer cells

Question 25

treatment for PBC and PSC

Answer 25

ursodiol

Question 26

beaded apperance of the intrahepatic and extraheptic bile ducts

Answer 26

PSC

Question 27

PSC will have

Answer 27

UC and CD and there is an increase risk for colorectal cancer- cholangiosarcoma

Question 28

benign non -neoplastic liver tumor

Answer 28

1. nodular hyperplasia: FNH and NRH | 2. Bile duct hamartoma

Question 29

hepatic adenoma associated with

Answer 29

OCP we have to watch this type of growth carefully due to their neoplastic capability

Question 30

most common malignant tumor

Answer 30

mets

Question 31

HCC risk

Answer 31

cirrhosis of any kind

Question 32

most common cause of Portal HTN

Answer 32

intrahepatic- cirrhosis of sinusoids

Question 33

what will be values of WHVp and FHVP in portal vein thrombosis

Answer 33

since this occurs pre-hepatic they will have normal values

Question 34

SAAG > 1.1

Answer 34

cirrhosis- measures albumin gradient

Question 35

potential triggers of hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 35

1. GI bleed 2. infection 3. renal insufficiency 3. sedative 4. constipation

Question 36

sitz marker study

Answer 36

check for constipation

Question 37

diverticulitis

Answer 37

no bleeding but a lot of pain

Question 38

diverticulosis

Answer 38

a lot of painless bleeding

Question 39

most common cause of a small bowel obstruction

Answer 39

adhesion

Question 40

tests that detect cancer and pre-cancerous polyps

Answer 40

structural tests