colon disorders

Question 1

who gets more constipation women or men

Answer 1

women

Question 2

3 drugs associated with constipation

Answer 2

1. opiates
2. iron supplements
3. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

Question 3

metabolic causes of constipation for 2

Answer 3

1. hypothyroidism

2. hypercalcemia

Question 4

congenital loss of ganglion cells in distal colon

Answer 4

hirschsprung disease

Question 5

example of evacuatory failure

Answer 5

pelvic floor dysfunction

Question 6

colonic inertia

Answer 6

decreased numbers of high amplitude propagated contractions

Question 7

inability to adequately evacuate contents from rectum

Answer 7

evacuatory failure

Question 8

muscular hypertonicity

Answer 8

failure to relax

Question 9

muscular hypotonicity

Answer 9

excessive perineal descent

Question 10

low resting and/or low squeeze sphincter pressures (weak IAS and EAS)

Answer 10

incotinence

Question 11

intestinal gas source (2)

Answer 11

1. aerophagia

2. intraluminal production

Question 12

herniations of mucosa and submucosa of colon through muscularis located most commonly in the sigmoig colon and incidence increases swith age

Answer 12

colon diverticulosis

Question 13

colon diverticulosis

1. associated with
2. higher incidence in ______ societies
3. develops in rows between
4. points of greatest weakness
5. increased intraluminal pressue leads to
6. treatment
7. diagnosis
8. complications

Answer 13

1. associated with low fiber intake
2. higher incidence in western societies
3. develops in rows between mesenteric and lateral teniae
4. penetrating vasa rectae
5. hypersegmentation of colon
6. high fiber diet, fiber supplements and sometimes but rare surgical resection
7. barium enema, colonoscopy
8. painless high volume bleeding

Question 14

inflammation and microperforation of diverticula by stool stuck in diverticula leading to fever and LLQ. a CT scan is needed to diagnose

Answer 14

diverticulitis

Question 15

complications of diverticulitis

Answer 15

1. abscess
2. luminal obstruction
3. peritonitis
4. fistula

Question 16

obstruction of appendiceal lumen by fecaliths but 1/3 of patients pathogenesis is uncleat/controversial
- peri-umbilical pain, McBurney’s point positive, fever

Answer 16

eppendicitis

Question 17

collection of vascular tissue, “cushion” in anal canal that is present in 50% of adult population

Answer 17

hemorrhoids

Question 18

dilations of superior hemorrhoidal veins that are covered by mucosa

pain?

Answer 18

internal hemorrhids no pain

Question 19

dilatations of inferior hemorrhoidal veins covered by perianal skin

pain?

Answer 19

external hemorrhoids, pain due to sensory nerves

Question 20

pathogenesis of hemorrhoids

Answer 20

normal vascular cushions there is downward pressure during defecation that allows the muscle fibers anchor to loosesn causing hemorrhoidal tissue slides leading to a prolapse

Question 21

skin tag hemorrhoids

Answer 21

external hemorrhoid that has healed

Question 22

treatment of hemorrhoids

Answer 22

1. diet with a lot of fiber
2. sclerosants
3. rubber band ligaation

Question 23

longitudinal or elliptical defect in anal canal due to trauma from stool or associated with Crohn’s disease. There is extreme pain with defaction and bleeding treatment includes fiber, baths, nitro, botox and surgery

Answer 23

anal fissures

Question 24

anorectal fistula

Answer 24

communication btw rectum canal and outside skin

Question 25

mechanical intestinal obstruction:

1. inguinal canal, umbilicus, surgical scar
2. post-surgical, infection, endometriosis
3. in adults may signify a tumor
4. cecum and sigmoids

Answer 25

1. hernias
2. adhesions
3. intussusception
4. volvulus