GI motility

Question 1

how many sphincters along the GI tract

Answer 1

7

Question 2

increases the tone of the gut and the velocity and intensity of contractions.

exerts control primarily over digestive motility

Answer 2

myenteric plexus

Question 3

involved with local conditions and controls local secretion, absorption, and muscle movements.

its principal role is in sensing the environment within the lumen

Answer 3

submucosal plexus

Question 4

mass movements are long, slow powerful contractions that move over the colon 3 or 4 times per day, typically

Answer 4

after meals

Question 5

buccal phase voluntary/involuntary

Answer 5

voluntary

Question 6

pharyngeal phase voluntary/involuntary

Answer 6

involuntary

Question 7

esophageal phase voluntary/involuntary

Answer 7

involuntary

Question 8

sympathetic division acts through sympathetic nerves to

Answer 8

inhibit enteric nervous system

Question 9

parasympathetic division acts primarily through the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve to

Answer 9

stimulate ENS activity

Question 10

excitatory, stimulates smooth muscle contraction, increases intestinal secretions, release of enteric hormones and dilation of blood vessels

Answer 10

acetylcholine

Question 11

derived from extrinsic sympathetic neurons and is almost always inhibitory and has the opposite effect of acetylcholine

Answer 11

norepinephrine

Question 12

GI smooth muscle are linked electrically linked by

Answer 12

gap junctions

Question 13

pacemaker cells that have the capacity to generate the basic electrical rhythm or slow wave activity

Answer 13

interstitial cells of cajal (ICCs)

Question 14

upper esophageal sphincter is composed of _______ muscle

Answer 14

striated and circular

Question 15

lower esophageal sphincter is composed of ______ muscle

Answer 15

smooth and longitudinal

Question 16

occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagous

Answer 16

GERD

Question 17

precancerous condition that develops as a results of GERD

Answer 17

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 18

motor disorder characterized by a complete loss of contraction and relaxation of muscles used to move contents down the esophagus

Answer 18

esophageal achalasia

Question 19

condition where the stomach protrudes through the diaphgram into the chest alongside the esophagus

Answer 19

paraesophageal hernia

Question 20

is a pouch that protrudes outward in a weak portion of the esophageal lining

Answer 20

esophageal diverticulum

Question 21

smooth muscle is continuous throughout the GI tract

Answer 21

yep

Question 22

action of Ach to sphincter

Answer 22

contractions

Question 23

action of NO and VIP-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

Answer 23

relaxation

Question 24

GI tract peristalsis is defined by

Answer 24

NO relaxing the muscle first in front of the bolus and Ach contraction of the muscle behind the bolus second

Question 25

positive regulators of eesophageal smooth muscle

Answer 25

1. Ach | 2. substance P

Question 26

negative regulators of eesophageal smooth muscle

Answer 26

1. NO | 2. VIP

Question 27

pressure between the ilieal and colon with the ileocecal sphincter

Answer 27

1. decrease in pressure with ileal distension | 2. increase in pressure with colonic distension

Question 28

fluid content of stool as it moves through the colon

Answer 28

decreases

Question 29

slow contractions that occur about every 30 minutes and last approx. 1 minute. they are stimulated by stretch when food remnants fill the haustra

Answer 29

haustral contractions

Question 30

primary movements seen in the large intestine include (2)

Answer 30

haustral contractions and mass movements

Question 31

are long slow moving, powerful contractions that move over the colon 3 or 4 times per day typically after meals

Answer 31

mass movements

Question 32

what initiates the defacation reflex

Answer 32

stretch receptors