GI motility Flashcards

1
Q

how many sphincters along the GI tract

A

7

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2
Q

increases the tone of the gut and the velocity and intensity of contractions.

exerts control primarily over digestive motility

A

myenteric plexus

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3
Q

involved with local conditions and controls local secretion, absorption, and muscle movements.

its principal role is in sensing the environment within the lumen

A

submucosal plexus

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4
Q

mass movements are long, slow powerful contractions that move over the colon 3 or 4 times per day, typically

A

after meals

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5
Q

buccal phase voluntary/involuntary

A

voluntary

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6
Q

pharyngeal phase voluntary/involuntary

A

involuntary

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7
Q

esophageal phase voluntary/involuntary

A

involuntary

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8
Q

sympathetic division acts through sympathetic nerves to

A

inhibit enteric nervous system

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9
Q

parasympathetic division acts primarily through the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve to

A

stimulate ENS activity

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10
Q

excitatory, stimulates smooth muscle contraction, increases intestinal secretions, release of enteric hormones and dilation of blood vessels

A

acetylcholine

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11
Q

derived from extrinsic sympathetic neurons and is almost always inhibitory and has the opposite effect of acetylcholine

A

norepinephrine

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12
Q

GI smooth muscle are linked electrically linked by

A

gap junctions

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13
Q

pacemaker cells that have the capacity to generate the basic electrical rhythm or slow wave activity

A

interstitial cells of cajal (ICCs)

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14
Q

upper esophageal sphincter is composed of _______ muscle

A

striated and circular

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15
Q

lower esophageal sphincter is composed of ______ muscle

A

smooth and longitudinal

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16
Q

occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagous

A

GERD

17
Q

precancerous condition that develops as a results of GERD

A

Barrett’s esophagus

18
Q

motor disorder characterized by a complete loss of contraction and relaxation of muscles used to move contents down the esophagus

A

esophageal achalasia

19
Q

condition where the stomach protrudes through the diaphgram into the chest alongside the esophagus

A

paraesophageal hernia

20
Q

is a pouch that protrudes outward in a weak portion of the esophageal lining

A

esophageal diverticulum

21
Q

smooth muscle is continuous throughout the GI tract

A

yep

22
Q

action of Ach to sphincter

A

contractions

23
Q

action of NO and VIP-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

A

relaxation

24
Q

GI tract peristalsis is defined by

A

NO relaxing the muscle first in front of the bolus and Ach contraction of the muscle behind the bolus second

25
Q

positive regulators of eesophageal smooth muscle

A
  1. Ach

2. substance P

26
Q

negative regulators of eesophageal smooth muscle

A
  1. NO

2. VIP

27
Q

pressure between the ilieal and colon with the ileocecal sphincter

A
  1. decrease in pressure with ileal distension

2. increase in pressure with colonic distension

28
Q

fluid content of stool as it moves through the colon

A

decreases

29
Q

slow contractions that occur about every 30 minutes and last approx. 1 minute. they are stimulated by stretch when food remnants fill the haustra

A

haustral contractions

30
Q

primary movements seen in the large intestine include (2)

A

haustral contractions and mass movements

31
Q

are long slow moving, powerful contractions that move over the colon 3 or 4 times per day typically after meals

A

mass movements

32
Q

what initiates the defacation reflex

A

stretch receptors