liver

Question 1

liver serves as a gatekeeper between the

Answer 1

circulation and absorbed substances

Question 2

the liver has a dual blood supply

Answer 2

1. portal vein

2. hepatic artery

Question 3

what happens if the pressure in the sinusoids increases much above the normal?

Answer 3

ascites fluid

Question 4

bilirubin is produced by the liver

Answer 4

nope

Question 5

body prefers proteins or fat?

Answer 5

proteins&raquo_space;» fats

Question 6

storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle

Answer 6

glycogenesis- night before the marathon pasta dinner

Question 7

liver breaks down stored glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels

Answer 7

glycogenolysis- race starts, glucose levels fall

Question 8

liver synthesizes glucose from proteins and fats to maintain blood glucose levels

Answer 8

gluconeogenesis- deep into the race and glycogen stores depleted

Question 9

liver can synthesize ___ of 20 amino acids

Answer 9

11

Question 10

liver produces most of the circulating plasma proteins

Answer 10

yep

Question 11

most abundant protein in plasma

Answer 11

albumin

Question 12

iron absorption in the

Answer 12

duodenum and upper jejunum

Question 13

liver has a central control of the _____ metabolism

Answer 13

lipid

Question 14

liver secretes _____ and _______ into the intestine. it is major importance in body lipid metabolism

Answer 14

cholesterol and phospholipids

Question 15

liver is also the major site of clearance of

Answer 15

circulating lipoproteins

Question 16

elevated levels of circulating ______ can result in serious consequences to the central nervous system and even death

Answer 16

ammonia

Question 17

only organ in which the complete urea cycle is found. what is the importance of this?

Answer 17

liver

it is the only organ that can metabolize NH3 to non-toxic urea

Question 18

why is liver important when it comes to drugs, hormones and toxins ?

Answer 18

liver monitors the contents of the blood and metabolize many of these toxins such as alcohol and drugs into their inactive metabolites

liver breaks them down or transforms these substances into less harmful compounds and they are excreted into the bile or circulation and removed from the body in stool (bile) or urine (kidneys)

Question 19

term used for the hepatic metabolism of a pharm agent when it is absorbed from the gut and delivered to the liver via the portal circulation

Answer 19

first pass effects

Question 20

drugs are usually ________ substances so they can pass plasma membranes of cells and reach the site of action

Answer 20

lipophilic

Question 21

drug metabolism introduces ______ functionalities onto the drug molecule to make them less lipophilic and facilitates their excretion from the body

Answer 21

hydrophilic

Question 22

Phase 1

Answer 22

introduces a functional group to either activate or inactivate the drug

Question 23

Phase 2

Answer 23

conjugates the drug to inactivate and more susceptible for excretion

Question 24

all digestive materials including food, drugs and toxins absorbed by the GI tract and enter the portal circulation and are processed by the liver

Answer 24

yep