liver Flashcards
liver serves as a gatekeeper between the
circulation and absorbed substances
the liver has a dual blood supply
- portal vein
2. hepatic artery
what happens if the pressure in the sinusoids increases much above the normal?
ascites fluid
bilirubin is produced by the liver
nope
body prefers proteins or fat?
proteins»_space;» fats
storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle
glycogenesis- night before the marathon pasta dinner
liver breaks down stored glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels
glycogenolysis- race starts, glucose levels fall
liver synthesizes glucose from proteins and fats to maintain blood glucose levels
gluconeogenesis- deep into the race and glycogen stores depleted
liver can synthesize ___ of 20 amino acids
11
liver produces most of the circulating plasma proteins
yep
most abundant protein in plasma
albumin
iron absorption in the
duodenum and upper jejunum
liver has a central control of the _____ metabolism
lipid
liver secretes _____ and _______ into the intestine. it is major importance in body lipid metabolism
cholesterol and phospholipids
liver is also the major site of clearance of
circulating lipoproteins
elevated levels of circulating ______ can result in serious consequences to the central nervous system and even death
ammonia
only organ in which the complete urea cycle is found. what is the importance of this?
liver
it is the only organ that can metabolize NH3 to non-toxic urea
why is liver important when it comes to drugs, hormones and toxins ?
liver monitors the contents of the blood and metabolize many of these toxins such as alcohol and drugs into their inactive metabolites
liver breaks them down or transforms these substances into less harmful compounds and they are excreted into the bile or circulation and removed from the body in stool (bile) or urine (kidneys)
term used for the hepatic metabolism of a pharm agent when it is absorbed from the gut and delivered to the liver via the portal circulation
first pass effects
drugs are usually ________ substances so they can pass plasma membranes of cells and reach the site of action
lipophilic
drug metabolism introduces ______ functionalities onto the drug molecule to make them less lipophilic and facilitates their excretion from the body
hydrophilic
Phase 1
introduces a functional group to either activate or inactivate the drug
Phase 2
conjugates the drug to inactivate and more susceptible for excretion
all digestive materials including food, drugs and toxins absorbed by the GI tract and enter the portal circulation and are processed by the liver
yep
