STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS Flashcards
major steps in the research process
- phase 1 conceptual phase
- phase 2 design and planning phase
- phase 3 empirical phase
- phase 4 analytic phase
- phase 5 dissemination phase
phase 1: conceptual phase
- formatting and delimiting problem
- reviewing related literature
- developing theoretical framework
- formulating hypothesis
phase 2: design and planning phase
- selecting a research design
- identifying population to be studied
- specifying methods to collect research data
- designing sampling plan
- finalizing and reviewing research plan
- conducting pilot study and making revisions
phase 3: empirical phase
- collect data
- preparing data for analysis
phase 4: analytic phase
- analyzing data
- interpreting results
phase 5: dissemination phase
- communicating findings
- utilizing findings in real world
sources of research problem
- experience
- OT literature
- theories
- ideas from others
developing and refining research problem
- selecting topic
- narrowing topic
- evaluating research problem (significance, researchability, feasibility, interest to researcher)
statement of research problem
- shoud identify key study variables and their possible interrelationships and nature of population of interest
- 2 ways: statement of purpose or research question
research hypothesis
tentative explanation/prediction between 2 or more variables
purposes of research hypothesis
- use to put toward experiment
- guides how you’re thinking and figure out how to answer question
characteristics of a workable hypothesis
names of variable independent (can manipulate) dependent (outcome/result) what is the relationship you are expecting
hypothesis are derived through
- inductive
- deductive
testing hypothesis
empirical data (clinical observation)
classification of hypotheses
- simple
- complex (multivariate)
- directional
- non-directional
- research
- statistical (null)
simple
1 dependent/independent/relationship
complex (multivariate)
-relationship 2 or more dependent/independent variables
directional
- relationship has direction
- 1 is better or worst
non-directional
- relationship unknown
- no direction/difference
research
predicts existance of relationship
statistical (null)
absence of relationship
heterogeneity
attribute are varied
homogeneous
attributes are similar
operational definitions
- in your study how are you using it in your study
- influence by perspective/tools
conceptual definitions
observing and analyzing already present information on a given topic
data
- piece of information
- can be measured in different levels
variable
- attribute that varies
- values of continuum and can assume infinite amount of value
- weight/height/temp
continuous variables
variables that can take on any value within a range
discrete variable
finite number of values between 2 points and they represent discrete qualities
(level of assistance, gender, pain scale)
categorical variables
small range of variable that do not inheritedly represent a quantity
independent variable
causes something or can be manipulated
dependent variable
effect
quantitative data
numerical data
qualitative data
narrative
relationship
bond or connection between 2 entities (cause and effect)
control
control variables that may impact relationship
dichotomous variable
variables that only have 2 values (agree/disagree)
