Research control

Question 1

constancy of conditions

Answer 1

try your best to control

Question 2

random assignment

Answer 2

everybody in population, has an equal chance of randomly being picked to be place in either group 1 or 2

Question 3

subjects exposed to more than 1 level treatment

Answer 3

• repeated measures, same group got to have all the different treatments over and over, serve as their own controls
• extraneous variable are going to same

Question 4

homogeneous sample

Answer 4

you know what youre extraneous variables make sure each person have same characteristics to have all variables you identified

Question 5

build in extraneous variables into

Answer 5

controlled and intervention group

Question 6

randomized block design

Answer 6

• ruling out some of impact of extraneous variables, of how you can collect data
• researcher not doing anything

Question 7

matching

Answer 7

make sure both groups have same characteristics

Question 8

analysis of covariance

Answer 8

test the main and interaction effects of categorical variables on a continuous dependent variable, controlling for the effects of selected other continuous variables, which co-vary with the dependent

Question 9

methods of evaluation of adquacy of research

Answer 9

• internal validity

- extenral validity

Question 10

internal validity

Answer 10

attained in a study when findings can be shown to result only from effect of independent variable of interest and cannot be interpreted as reflecting effects of extraneous variables

Question 11

if internal validity is strong you can say

Answer 11

_____is why_____

Question 12

external validity

Answer 12

results can confidently be generalized to situations outside specific research setting

Question 13

history

Answer 13

occurrence of extternal events that can take place concurrently with independent variable

Question 14

selection

Answer 14

biases that result from preexistence difference between group and if they aren’t randomly assigned going to have non equal groups and defer subtly that you are not aware of
may cause problem

Question 15

maturation

Answer 15

• when you are looking at people who are changing over time
  ex: could have older folks changing declining
  ex: young adult going through relationship and maturing

Question 16

testing

Answer 16

they might perform better

don’t know if independent variable effected it

Question 17

instrumentation

Answer 17

-if researcher uses different measurements in beginning and later in study
-if you have administrators (way administer test) differences in instrumentation
difference to data and validity

Question 18

mortality

Answer 18

dropped out of study, expecting so many people to look at outcome and people leave you can’t do stats or can’t do it as well

Question 19

threats to internal validity

Answer 19

• history
• selection
• maturation
• testin
• instrumentation
• morality

Question 20

threats to external validity

Answer 20

• Hawthorne effect
• novelty effects
• interaction of history and treatment effects
• experimenter effects
• measurement effects

Question 21

opt always for

Answer 21

stronger internal validity

Question 22

Hawthorne effect

Answer 22

occurs when subjects change their behavior because they know they are being observed

Question 23

novelty effects

Answer 23

• results of a study are due to the novelty (or newness) of a treatment
• pose threat to external validity because they make it difficult to know if the results of the study are due to a treatment that works or due to the novelty of a treatment.

Question 24

experimenter effects

Answer 24

influence that scientists who conduct an experiment have on performance of participants and the interpretation of results.

Question 25

measurement effects

Answer 25

merely measuring or questioning an individual’s intentions or anticipated regret changes their subsequent behavior