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728: Research > SCIENTIFIC METHOD > Flashcards

SCIENTIFIC METHOD Flashcards

1
Q

scientific method summarized in four steps

A
  1. hypothesis that is testable is proposed
  2. objective observations are collected
  3. results are analyzed in unbiased manner
  4. conclusions proposed based on results of study and previous knowledge
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2
Q

research

A
  • systematic

- investigating subject

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3
Q

science

A
  • systematic
  • objective study
  • empirical phenomenon (see, hear, feel, touch)
  • results in a body of knowledge
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4
Q

scientific theory

A
  • comprehensive explanation of things that you saw
  • usually deductive
  • always tries to predict laws and relationships using cause and effect
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5
Q

theory building

A
  • looking for patterns
  • compare your results to others
  • create body of knowledge
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6
Q

independent

A

effect

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7
Q

dependent

A

cause

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8
Q

theory set of

A
  • interrelated constructs
  • definitions
  • propostions that present systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables
  • purpose of explaining or predicting phenomena
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9
Q

theory is characterized by 7 assumptions

A
  1. technical vocab
  2. can be explained by a theory
  3. tentative set of beliefs that can be verified by scientific method
  4. can help predict events and simulate situation in lab
  5. allows researcher to interpret results and to form conclusions
  6. generates knowledge and leads to development of further theory
  7. can be completely/partially true or completely/partially false
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10
Q

concepts

A

symbolic representation of something

ex way child views spoon

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11
Q

constructs

A

abstract or mental representation inferred from situation that you don’t directly experience (see/feel)
(ex we all take a shower differently)

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12
Q

relationship

A

connections between 2 concepts, 2 constructs, concept and construct
(ex child learns relationship between spoon and eating)

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13
Q

proposition

A

see a pattern/connection in a bunch of relationship

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14
Q

hypotheses

A

proposition that you want to test

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15
Q

research methodology

A

test hypothesis using a variety of research method

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16
Q

data

A
  • objective
  • subjective
  • empirical data
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17
Q

law

A

if hypothesis is proven you can make it into a law

18
Q

naturalistic inquiry

A
  • develop theory from observations
  • natural world
  • no experiment/control/manipulation
  • letting things happen and studying as is
19
Q

observations>concepts>constructs>development>

A

hypothesis generation> observation>refinement of constructs>theory formation

20
Q

theory

A

taking a lot of propositions and putting them together, explain whole phenomenon that is being studied

21
Q

dissonance

A
  • understanding of world, but you see something that you can’t explain
  • oberve the world honestly
22
Q

objectivity

A
  • can’t let biases affect judgement

- need to be self aware and undersand your biases and put it aside

23
Q

perseverance

A

key, persistent because many times things will not go your way

24
Q

intellectual curiosity

A
  • curious about world around you

- critique or laugh and if you make a mistake you have to accept it

25
Q

self criticism

A
  • accept criticism and change

- need to be able to critique yourself

26
Q

creativity

A

open and creative with coming up with explanation

27
Q

integrity

A

honest to…

  • data
  • self
  • subject
  • methodology
  • process
28
Q

replication

A
  • whatever you do, anyone should be able to replicate your work
  • you are completely transparent
29
Q

in order to be a good critical thinker you need to

A
  • know who you are
  • aware of your biases and look at things objectively
  • detail oriented
  • open minded
  • communicate clearly
  • active listener
  • intersceptive
  • think outside the box
  • interpret things from other perspectives
30
Q

methods for research

A
  • quantitative

- qualitative

31
Q

quantitative

A
  • systematic ways of collecting objective numerical data
  • considerable control
  • analysis of data statistical procedures
32
Q

quantitative characteristics

A
  • relatively small concepts or constructs
  • preconceived ideas of what relationship is
  • structured procedures and methods
  • formal instruments to collect data
33
Q

qualitative

A
  • systematic analyzing subjective narrative material
  • procedures has minimum researcher impose control
  • difficult to replicate
  • analyzing 1 and compare to rest, look for patterns and constructs (continue until data repeats itself)
  • story doesn’t have to be verbal, can be written/pictures
  • no formal instruments
34
Q

ontology

A
  • what is reality?

- way of looking at the world and saying what is reality

35
Q

epistemology

A

how do we come to know it?

  • observe
  • authority
  • experience
  • tradition
  • research
  • occupational scientist
  • clinicians experience, present and share knowledge
36
Q

experimental/quantitative

A
  • logical positivism (single reality)
  • understood through collection and analysis of sense data
  • deductive research designs
37
Q

experimental continua of designs

A

based on degree of control, structure and purpose

38
Q

naturalistic/qualitative

A
  • postmodernism (multiple realities)
  • himan experience is complex and cannot be understood by its parts
  • holistic views
39
Q

naturalistic continua of designs

A

-based on purpose, degree of investigator involvement and investigator imposed structure and control

40
Q

integrated research

A

mixing methods based on philosophy of pragmatism (practical/useful)

41
Q

selection of research strategy is based on

A
  • your preferred way of knowing
  • level of knoeledge development in topic
  • your research purpose (why are you doing it)

728: Research (15 decks)

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