statistics

Question 1

what is descriptive stats

Answer 1

describes what data has to say
organizes summaries and communicates the numerical observations

can be numerical or visual

Question 2

population vs sample

Answer 2

population is = all of uvic students
sample = the 100 uvic students

cna’t make generalizatons off of a smoke

Question 3

what is Inferential stats

Answer 3

allows tests of hypothesis
can study samples then make generalizations about a popualtion

Question 4

sampling error refers to

Answer 4

samples are not always representful of a full population

Question 5

numbers vs numerals

Answer 5

numerals - code that represents qualatative category

numbers - a real number

Question 6

data vs datum

Answer 6

datum - single observed value
data - multibe observed values

Question 7

discrete vs continuous

Answer 7

discrete - numbr of huamns in a room - cant have 3.5 humans

continuous - infinite number of possibel vlaues that can fall between any two observed values - height, age, time

Question 8

ind vs dependant variable

Answer 8

ind - type of drug consumed
dep - affects of drug on person

Question 9

score is

Answer 9

either interval or ratio

Question 10

nominal

Answer 10

categories equal to each toher

Question 11

ordinal

Answer 11

categories in order - one is more than the other but we don’t know how much more

Question 12

interval

Answer 12

can measure how much more of each one is
has no true 0, can’t use for ratios

Question 13

ratio data

Answer 13

knows how much more of
has a true 0, has ratios
can say smth is twice as long/large

Question 14

when doing calculations, compute to __ decimal places
for final answer report to _ sig digits beyond original value - so we look at third number to see whether to round up or down

Answer 14

calculations - report to 4-6 decimal places

final answer - report to 2 sig digits beyond original valye - look at 3rd number to see to round up or down
39.79463 is 39.79

Question 15

what are parameters

Answer 15

descriptors about the popualtion

Question 16

examples of interval

Answer 16

farenheight, celsuius, date, time of the day

Question 17

frequency table
shows
is x ind or dep variable

Answer 17

the number of ind’s in each category
x - independant variable

Question 18

what order do numbers go in on the X part of freq table

Answer 18

bottom to top
lowest number at bottom, highest one at top

Question 19

if there is 0 for a categoroy do we still list the x value and 0 on the freq table

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

upper case sigma Σ means what

Answer 20

sum

Question 21

N means what (freq table)

Answer 21

the total number of scores

Question 22

what are the 5 measures of variability

Answer 22

Range
SIQR
Median Absolute Deviation
Variance
Standard Deviation (linked to variance)

Question 23

variability
there are _ ways to measure it

Answer 23

average distance of scores from the centre - how they are spread out
5 ways to measure it

Question 24

list what variability measures are most suitable for each NOIR

Answer 24

N - none
O - range, siqr, mad
Interval and Ratio - range, siqr, mad, variance, sd

Question 25

variance and SD are _________

Answer 25

different parts of one equation

Question 26

the only measure of central tendencay we can use for Nominal

Answer 26

Mode - the most common category
which x value has the highest number on the f column
or MO