percpetion 351 Flashcards

Question

physical environmental regualrities light from above assumptin

Answer 1

we assume light comes from above because that is most common we perceive shadows as information about depth and distance

Answer 2

the meaning of a given scene is related to waht happens within that scene Sem Regularities are the characteristics associated with functions carried out in diff types of scenes Scene Schema - doctors office example

Answer 3

H = Hypothesis E= Evidence (observation) P(H) - Prior Probability how likely is the hypothesis before considering the evidence P(H|E) - Posterior Prob - how likely is hypothesis H given the evidence E P(E|H) - posterier divided by P(E) = likelihood how likely is the evidence E, given hypothesis H, compared to how likely the evidence E is overall

Answer 4

Object Discrimination - monkey's job to pick correct shape - tells us about making choices on WHAT we see Landmark Discrimination - asked to put food in the well closer to cylinder, choices about WHERE something is located WHAT and WHERE

Answer 5

monkeys performed poorer on Object Discrimination tasks - hard to pick correct shape But no effect on the landmark task - **knew where it was, not what it was** single dissociaton

Answer 6

Found monkeys performed worse on Landmark task But could do the object discrimination task

Answer 7

because a lesion in the temporal lobe imparied them on the WHAT task but not the where task and a lesion in Parietal lobe impaired them on the WHERE task but not the what task

Answer 8

along Parietal Lobe, Dorsal Pathway

Answer 9

takes same visual info from Occipital lobe, processed along Ventral pathway, into Temporal Lobe

Answer 10

process object's location in relation to the viewer

Answer 11

object and visual identification and recognition

Answer 12

part of their **Temporal and Occipital Lobe were damaged ** could perceive objects see them but **could not recognize them** couldnt draw apple in front of them if asked to, if asked to draw an apple from memory they could

Answer 13

DF could not line up the card with the slot she could mail the card, but not line it up, as she was **unable to perceive the Slot**

Answer 14

df had damage in the WHAT pathway 'dorsal failure'

Answer 15

balint's syndrome

Answer 16

**lack of coordination between visual inputs and movements** unable to complete visually guided tasks like maling card in slot can not follow objects with thier eyes - have to turn whole head to see can not see the forest, can see the individual trees

Answer 17

strokes - swelling in pareital region brain lesions alzheimers head trauma

Answer 18

nagivation of where an object is is Imapiredl but identification of the object is not

Answer 19

Balint's = damage to Dorsal/WHERE path can identify objects but can not navigate/facilitate movement through space. pareital lobe damage DF = damage to Ventral/WHAT path, can not perceive/identify objects they see, but can faciliate movement through space. temporal lobe damage

Answer 20

Bilateral Posterior Parietal Damage posterior = back of head

Answer 21

circles in the middle surrounded by other cirlces make them look bigger or smaller than they are (bigger if surrounded by small cirlces, smaller if surrounded by big cirlces) perceputaly diff, physically identical

Answer 22

even tho we perceive 2 cirlces as same size, our aperture does change to pick up the larger circle What pathway was fooled, the Where pathway was not

Answer 23

graph behind image makes us perceive line 2 as bigger than line 1 - but they are same size

Answer 24

has the same Sensory info going from Occipital Lobe to the Temporal Lobe responsible for Visual Perception of what we think we see WHAT (why)

Answer 25

has the same Sensory info gong from the Occipital Lobe to being processed by Parietal Lobe responsible for 'vision for action' WHERE (how)

Answer 26

frontal - front of brain Parietal - top middle Temporal - bottom middle Occipital - back of brain

Answer 27

Initially perception informs us what to act on and how to act on it during our performance of actions, perception provides feedback on progress and success, making adjustments if need be

Answer 28

moving to get a different POV of an object, aiding in Percpetion

Answer 29

We take in sensory info from our environment - parts can be identified and put together, and then recognition occurs - Bottom Up - processing We also rely on past experience and knowledge to inform our perceptions - uses both top down and bottom up processes

Answer 30

We can also inform our cognitions, our actions adjust for what's really in the environment - not what we perceive we learn in part by physically interacting with the world around us and perceive the results - this informs our cognition, This kind of weird cycle continues. When feedback is informative and immediate we update our schemes to incorporate new info. So our cognition is influenced by both perception and action

Answer 31

when we see an object we think of any possible action an indiviudal can do with that object MUG - grasp it, lift it, sip it, clean it Those actions are Afforded by this object Objects contain visual features (we see) also properties we can’t see like how to interact, so our perceptual system is not based only on what the physical object is, based on what we see and what we can do with it

Answer 32

the picture of how we are supposed to respond influences us wehther it is Congruent or Incongruent (proper way to interact or not) incongrunet - grabbing frying pan like we would a mug we are faster if hand signal is Congruent, and slower if it is InCongruent

Answer 33

the ventral path involves the Temporal lobe the dorsal path involves the Parietal lobe

Answer 34

image is on the retine - and our percpetual system determines what object out there created the image

Answer 35

Viewpoint Invariance

Answer 36

Speech Segmentation

Answer 37

Transitional Probabilities

Answer 38

Statistical Learning

Answer 39

a particular pattern of stimulation on the retina can be caused by a large number of objects in the environment

Answer 40

Apparent Movement

Answer 41

neurons that respond both when a monkey observes someone else grasping an object such as food on a tray and when the monkey itself grasps the food called mirror neurons because the neuron’s response to watching the experimenter grasp an object is similar to the response that would occur if the monkey were performing the same action.

Answer 42

When a person is presented with two similar objects, such as two cubes, that are the same weight but different sizes, the larger one seems lighter when they are lifted together. One explanation for this is that we predict that larger objects will be heavier than smaller objects, because objects of the same type typically get heavier as they get larger