chcch2 brain and nervous system Flashcards
functions of glial cells
● Support neurons physically
● Supply neurons with nutrients and oxygen
● Insulate neurons from each other
● Protect neurons from pathogens and clean out dead
neurons
● Modulate/regulate neural activity
astrocytes are in the CNS and satellite cells are their counter part in PNS - what are their functions
● Structural support for
neurons
● Help create the blood-
brain barrier (BBB)
● Provide nutrients to
neurons
● Modulate neural activity
through reuptake of
neurotransmitters and
regulation of ion
concentration
what do EPENDYMAL CELLS do in the central nervous system
Help produce & circulate cerebrospinal fluid
what do microglia glial cells do in the central nervous system
Macrophages that devour and digest
cellular debris (phagocytosis)
list the 4 body centric spacial terms and what they mean
Body centric:
● Dorsal ≈ back
● Ventral ≈ belly
● Rostral ≈ nose
● Caudal ≈ tail
list the 4 space centric spacial terms adn what they mean
above,below, before and after
Space centric:
● Superior ≈ above
● Inferior ≈ below
● Anterior ≈ before
● Posterior ≈ after
the two terms meaning whether things are on the same side or not are
A and B are ipsilateral
(same side)
A and C are contralateral
(opposite sides)
the two terms meanign whether things are on one side or both sides
One or both:
● A is unilateral (one side)
● D is bilateral (both sides)
what do we call things on the left or right
Left or right:
● Left lateralized
● Right lateralized
terms meaning near or far
proximal - near
distal - far
describe the 3 planes of section
Horizontal Transverse Axial - a plate separating the top of head from the bottom horizontally
Coronal Frontal - a plate splitting the front and back of the head, vertically through the ears
Sagittal - a plate going through the head so that each bilateral sides are symmetrical - between the eyes
what are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic:
● Voluntary control of action
● Somatosensory: from skin to
brain
● Motor: from brain to muscles
Autonomic
● Sympathetic & parasympathetic:
regulation of involuntary
functions, e.g.:
● Heart
● Gut
● Glands
● Etc…
cerebellum function
small section at the base of the brain. motor control, coordination, posture, equilibirum
hypothalamus function
hormone release, body temp, hunger, thirst, sleep
thalamus
sensory motor hub and relay
lateral geniculate nucleus - visual relay
medial geniculate nucleus - auditory relay
