Stalin And The Economy Flashcards
Under the NEP there were high levels of what on the peasants
Tax
What did high taxes under the NEP lead peasants to do
Hide grain and animals in order to avoid paying tax
Cultivate less land
In 1927 what % of expected tax revenue did the government collect
80%
When was the procurement crisis
1927/28
What happened to the supply of grain in the cities during the procurement crisis
Dropped 30%
When did the first year plan start and end
1928 to 1932
What percentage of investment in the first five year plan was spent on heavy industry
80%
In the first year plan what happened to the production of electricity
Trebled
In the first year plan what happened to the production of coal and iron
Doubled
In the first year plan what happened to the production of steel
Increased by 1/3
In the first year plan what happened to consumer industries
Very little growth
Even a decline
In the first year plan what targets were not met
Chemicals targets not fulfilled
In the first year plan what was lacking
Skilled workers
In the first year plan what was not developed sufficiently
Transport
In the first year plan what did managers resort to to meet targets
Bribery
False accounting
Illegally taking resources destined for other factories
In the second year plan what happened to the production of electricity
Continued to grow rapidly
In the second year plan what did heavy industry benefit from
The plants which had been set up in the first plan and prestige projects continued such as the Dniepostroi dam
How could you describe the USSR by 1937
Self sufficient in machine making and metal working
In the second year plan what happened to transport and communication
Grew rapidly
Moscow underground system
In the second year plan what was still lagging behind
Consumer goods
In the second year plan what happened quality
Quantity over quality
In the second year plan what happened to resources
Increasingly diverted to defence projects
When was the 2nd five year plan
1933 to 1937
What areas did the five year plans help significantly
Heavy industry - steel, coal, electricity and metal industries
Where did most of the surplus grain come from
Peasants private plots
1929-30 what percentage of the peasantry were part of the kulak class
Around 4%
1929-30 how many peasant households were destroyed
15%
1929-30 what did peasants do to avoid being labelled a kulak
Killed livestock and destroyed crops
By march 1930 what percentage of peasant households had collectivised
58%
How was collectivisation initially enforced? How did it change
Initially propaganda and force
Then voluntary
Why did collectivisation switch to being voluntary
Mass opposition
After the return to voluntary collectivisation what happened to the number of collectivised farms
Fell back to 20%
How many kulaks were removed from their farms
10 million
In opposition to dekulakisation what percentage of the pigs, cattle and sheep did the peasants kill
25-30%
Why was the 1933-33 bad
One of the worst in Russian history
Largely man made
When did Stalin begin to allow peasants to sell produce from their own private plots
1935
By the end of the 1930s what percentage of the nations milk and meat came from private plots
Nearly 75%
By the end of the 1930s what percentage of the nations wool, vegetables and fruit came from private plots
Nearly 50%
By 1937 what percentage of peasant households had been collectivised
93%
By 1941 what percentage of peasant households had been collectivised
100%
