Autocracy And Reaction Under Alex III Flashcards
What were Alexander III thoughts on Alex II reforms
Not a fan of
Who was Alex III tutor and greatest influence
Konstantin Pobedonostev
When did Alex III die and what from
1894
Kidney disease
When were the emergency powers introduced
1881
What did the emergency powers bring about
New secret police - okhrana
Special courts for suspected terrorists
Increased censorship
Removal of judges, magistrates and elected officials who were deemed too liberal
Could be imprisoned without trial for 3 months
In 1884 what happened to universities
Control tightened
What types of societies were banned
Student societies
How were students from poorer backgrounds discouraged from education
Fees for primary, secondary and university were increased
What type of schools were encouraged? What type discouraged?
Parish schools encouraged
Zemstva schools discouraged
What did the laws of 1890 and 1892 do to voting
Revised who had the right to vote in local elections for rural and urban assemblies (Dumas)
What happened to the electorate in St Petersburg
Reduced from 21,000 to 7,000
What issues was the Zemstva pushed towards
Health and local transport
Issues with little political significance
In 1889 what new position did Alexander III create. What position did they replace?
Land Captains
Justice of the Peace
What section of society did Land Captains have to come from
The nobility
What did Land Captains have the authority to do
Overrule the Mir as well as the local Zemstva
Override elections
Intervene in judicial cases, imposing punishments
Who were Land Captains directly responsible to
The Minister of the Environment Interior
What happened after the Polish Revolt 1863-64
Property of the Polish Roman Catholic Church was seized
Warsaw university was closed in 1869
Russian replaced Polish as the language of government
Russians replaced poles in the civil service
By 1900 how many Tartars had been converted to Christianity
100,000
What was rebuilt in Riga (Capital of Latvia) in 1885
A huge Russian Orthodox cathedral
The property of which church was seized
The property of the Armenian Church was seized
Traditionally where were the Jews only allowed to live
The Pale
Between 1881 and 1905 how many pogroms were there against Jews
215 pogroms
What was the limit of Jews in universities and schools
Couldn’t make up more then 10% on any university or school
