Bloody Sunday And The 1905 Revolution Flashcards
Example of an organisation created under ‘police socialism’
Assembly of Russian Factory Workers
Who led the Assembly of Russian Factory Workers
Father Gapon
Which workers went on strike on 3rd January 1905
The workers at the Putilov Iron Works
What day did Father Gapon lead a demonstration? How many people?
9th January 1905
150,000 workers and their families (not looking to overthrow anyone)
Why did Father Gapon lead a demonstration? Why did people go?
To present a petition to the Tsar at his Winter Palace
People believed the Tsar genuinely didn’t know their struggles and so wanted to inform him (‘little father’)
How many troops had the Tsar left to keep control in the city
12,000
How did the demonstrators show their support for the Tsar
Carried icons of the Tsar to show their loyalty to him
What happened as the demonstrators approached the Winter Palace
Soldiers opened fire
How many people died
Tsar said 76
Historians estimate around 1000
What was this massacre of peaceful protestors called
Bloody Sunday
What did Bloody Sunday cause
A wave of violence and unrest to sweep across the country (1905 revolution)
What were the long term causes behind the 1905 revolution
Unwilling to reduce autocratic power (zemstva not given much influence)
Failure to improve lives of peasants in emancipation (Years of the Red Cockerel)
Socio economic causes of the 1905 revolution
Poor living conditions for the urban workers (densely populated)
Helped radical groups to rise in popularity
How many strikes were there in 1904
90,000
What groups were increasing their influence before the 1905 revolution
Socialist revolutionaries
Social Democrats
What were the sparks of the 1905 revolution
Bloody Sunday
The Russo-Japanese war (failings and death) (defeated by a much smaller power) (falling behind powers)
How many workers were on strike in St Petersburg in February
400,000
By April what had been formed?
Illegal trade unions in all major towns and cities
Brought a wave of strike action
In April and May, what were established
The first Soviets
What were the aims of Soviets
Aimed to seize control of factories
How many people were involved in the general strike in October 1905
2.5 million workers across Russia
Which striking occupation caused economic difficulty for Russia in October
The strike of railwaymen
Economy on the brink of collapse
In October what was formed in St Petersburg? What did it do?
A Council of Workers’ Deputies
Co-ordinate their strike action
What tactics did the peasants use to
Attacked, burned and seized property of the landowning class
By April which region was nearly fully in revolt
The Black Earth region
In May what did the peasants attempt to set up in Moscow
All Russian Peasant Union
In August what did the peasants set up? Who was it heavily influenced by?
A more organised Peasants’ Union
Influenced heavily by the Socialist Revolutionaries
In which Polish cities did strikes break out in
Warsaw
Lodz
Where did the general strike of October spread to? What did this result in?
Finland
Resulted in greater autonomy being granted to the Finns
In Estonia what was set up
An All-Estonian Congress
How many representative were on the All-Estonian Congress? What did they demand?
800 representatives
Acceptance of the Estonian language and greater autonomy
How many officials in Latvia demanded greater powers of self-government
1,000
What did Jews set up in February
Formed the Union for the Attainment of Equal Rights for Jews
What was demanded in the Ukrainian capital
A Ukrainian assembly
In May did naval base rose up against officers
Kronstadt naval base
In June the sailors of which battleship mutinied
Potemkin
What did the sailors of Potemkin do
Mutinied and seized control of their ship
Which group remained largely loyal to the Tsar
The Russian army
Which ministers told the Tsar that there needed to be reform
Witte
Trepov
Grand Duke Nikolayevich Romanov
What did the Grand Duke Nikolayevich Romanov threaten to do if there was no reform
Shoot himself
What did the 1905 revolution lead to
The October Manifesto
