Economic Developments To 1914 Flashcards
What percent of the population was invoked in the rural economy
80-90%
What happened to average holdings
Fell from 35 acres in 1877 to 28 acres in 1905
How much more grain were British farms producing on the equivalent amount of land
4 times the amount of grain
Which peasants had improved their positions
Kulaks
Stolypin’s land reforms - 1903
Mir no longer responsible for taxes of all peasants in the village
Stolypin’s land reforms - 1906 September
More state and crown land available to buy
Subsidises migration to fertile land in Siberia
Stolypin’s land reforms - 1906 October
Equal right for peasants in local administration
Stolypin’s land reforms - 1906 November
Peasants can leave the commune (Mir)
Land owned by oldest male not the whole family
Peasants can remove their land from collective Mir farming
New peasants land bank created
Stolypin’s land reforms - 1907 January
Redemption payments abolished
Stolypin’s land reforms - 1910 June
Any commune (Mir) that had not redistributed land since 1861 was dissolved
How many years did Stolypin say he needed
20
What happened 8 years after the start of Stolypin’s land reforms
WWI
How many peasants migrated to Siberia in Stolypin’s scheme by 1915
3.5 million
What did Siberia become by 1915
A major producer of cereals and dairy products
What was land owned by peasants in 1905 compared to 1915
1905 - 20%
1915 - nearly 50%
What was grain production in 1900 compared to 1914
1900 - 56 million tons
1914 - 90 million tons
When did Russia become a leading exporter of cereals
1909
What percentage of peasant land was still in strip farms
90%
How many land consolidation applications been made and how many processed by 1913
5 million applications
Only 1.3 million had been processed
What percentage of land had moved from communal to private ownership by 1914
Only 10%
What percentage of the peasantry became kulaks
Less than 1%
What remained unchanged after Stolypin’s land reforms
Peasants attitudes - limited ambition and just wanted to survive
What happened to coal produced between 1890 and 1910
1890 - 5.9 million tons
1910 - 25.4 million tons
What happened to pig iron production between 1890 and 1910
3x
What happened to crude oil between 1890 and 1910
3x
In 1914 Russia was the 5th biggest what
Industrial producer in the world
Many much foreign investment did Russia receive in 1914
2000 million roubles
Who owned most of heavy industry
State owned
How was a lot of heavy industry funded
Foreign investment
Which region produced the most coal
The Donbas region
Which city produced a lot of oil
Baku
Which city became a rail hub
Moscow
Where was Putilov Iron Works located
St Petersburg
What did Russia’s heavy industry start from
A very low base
What percentage of the railway was state owned
66%
The building of what stimulated heavy industry
Railways
In 1913 Russia’s railway was? How many times smaller than that of the US?
The second largest in the world
8x smaller
Which railway was seen as a great achievement
The Trans-Siberian Railway
How much had national income grown from 1894 to 1913? What was it in Britain and Italy?
Russia - 50%
Britain - 70%
Italy - 121%
What was Russia’s foreign trade valued at in 1913? What was Britain and Germany’s?
Russia - £190 million
Britain - £1,223 million
Germany - £1030 million
How much did the population grow between 1897-1913
Almost 30 million
Why was modernisation limited
Only certain areas
