Social Developments To 1914 Flashcards
Between 1867 and 1917 how much had the urban population increased
Increased by 21 million
What happened to the number of people working in factories
3x
What was the issue with the increased urban population
Wasn’t enough accommodation
Many in barrack like accommodation
Ate in communal canteens
Washed in communal bath houses
How many houses had running water or sewage
Less than half
How many people died of cholera in St Petersburg 1908-09
30,000
What percentage of people in St Petersburg and Moscow were peasant born
About 75%
1 in how many women were in the workforce in 1885 and 1914
1 in 5 in 1885
1 in 3 in 1914
On average what percentage were women earning less then men
50% less then men
When was there an economic depression
1900-08
What was inflation between 1900-08
40%
Wages didn’t keep up
Workers legalisation - 1885
No night time employment of women and children
Workers legalisation - 1886
Enforcement of contracts overseen by factory boards
Workers legalisation - 1892
No women and children in mines
Workers legalisation - 1897
Working hours limited to 11.5 hours a day
Workers legalisation - 1903
More effective factory inspections
Workers legalisation - 1912
Sickness and accident insurance for workers
How many strikes were there in 1914
Over 3,500
What did most workers want
Better pay and conditions
Example of worker unrest
Lena Goldfield Massacre
What food where the workers at Lena Goldfield given
Gone-off horse meat
In the two years after the Lena Goldfield Massacre how many workers went on strike
3 million workers
What percentage of land was still being strip farmed
90%
How many migrated to Siberia
3.5 million
What percentage of the population was illiterate
Over half
How much noble land was lost to peasants
About 1/3
What did nobles continue to dominate
Political office
Still top of Russian society
The demand for what jobs increased
Managers
Civil engineers
Teachers
Doctors
In 1914 how many doctors were there and how many teacher
28,000 doctors
20,000 teachers
What percentage of university students were women in 1914
45%
What opened in 1908? What did it campaign for?
The First All-Russian Congress of Women
Campaigned for women’s votes
What was primary education spending in 1896 compared to 1914
1896 - 5 million roubles
1914 - 82 million roubles
What percentage of 8-11 year olds were receiving primary education in 1911
44%
How many university places were there in 1914 compared to 1860
1914 - 69,000
1860 - 5,000
Key writers examples
Chekhov
Tolstoy
Dostoevsky
What did the relaxation result in
The ‘silver age’ of Russian culture
