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AQA A Level: Tsarist And Communist Russia, 1855-1964 > Nicholas II Government 1905-1917 > Flashcards

Nicholas II Government 1905-1917 Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote the October manifesto

A

Witte

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2
Q

When was the October Manifesto published

A

30th October 1905

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3
Q

What freedoms did the October manifesto grant

A

Speech
Religion
Assembly and organisation

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4
Q

What did the October Manifesto propose the formation of

A

An elected National Assembly ‘Duma’

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5
Q

What powers would the Duma have

A

Power to approve or reject proposed legislation

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6
Q

Which group were prepared to negotiate with Nicholas? Why

A

The liberals

Uneasy about violent rebellion
Didn’t want to be too close the the SRs and Marxists (seen as extreme)

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7
Q

What did the Tsar promise to cancel in November? Who did this please

A

Redemption payments

Peasants

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8
Q

Why did the cancellation of the redemption payments make the peasants like the Tsar

A

Instinctively still loyal to the Tsar
Improvement in their personal finances
Most hated their local landowner

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9
Q

Which groups were not happy with the October Manifesto

A

SRs and Marxists (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks)

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10
Q

How did Trotsky describe the October Manifesto

A

A ‘whip wrapped in the parchment of a constitution’

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11
Q

What ended in August? Why was this useful?

A

Russo-Japanese war

Troops could be used to repress the revolutionary groups

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12
Q

In November members of what two organisations were arrested

A

Members of the St Petersburg Soviet

Leaders of the Union of Peasants

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13
Q

Which political party formed in October 1905? What was their political stance?

A

Union of the Russian People

Right wing nationalist Russians loyal to the Tsar

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14
Q

Which group did the Union of the Russian People use

A

The ‘Black Hundreds’

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15
Q

What did the Black Hundred do in December

A

In Odessa they murdered 500 Jews in a 3 pogrom

Also attacked striking workers, rebellious peasants and protesting students

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16
Q

In April 1906 what was passed

A

The Fundamental Laws

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17
Q

How did the Fundamental Laws strengthen the Tsar’s power

A

Tsar retained autocratic control and could veto any law proposed by his Council of Ministers

Council of Ministers were only answerable to the Tsar and not the Duma

Only Tsar could appoint ministers

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18
Q

What was Article 87

A

Gave the Tsar power to rule by decree in ‘exceptional circumstances’ when the Duma was not sitting

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19
Q

Who was sacked

A

Witte

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20
Q

Who was Witte replaced by

A

Ivan Goremykin

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21
Q

Who were the Octoberists

A

Wealthy moderate conservatives

Accepted the manifesto

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22
Q

Who were the Rightists

A

Union of the Russian People

Pro Tsar

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23
Q

Who were the Kadets

A

Liberal party - wanted civil rights, parliament, constitutional monarchy and some land redistribution

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24
Q

Who were the Trudoviks

A

Non revolutionary party - Liberal
Split from the SR

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25
Q

Who were the Progressives

A

Favoured moderate reform
Businessmen

26
Q

Who were the SDs

A

Marxists split 1903 into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks

27
Q

Who were the SRs

A

Populists

28
Q

What was the 1st Duma called

A

Duma of national hope

29
Q

Who had the most seats in the first Duma

A

Kadets 182 seats

30
Q

Who had the second most seats in the first Duma

A

Trudoviks - 107 seats

31
Q

What did the first Duma demand in their ‘Address to the throne’

A

Universal male suffrage
Abolition of the death penalty
Redistribution of land
Giving up emergency powers

32
Q

What did Nicholas say about the first Duma

A

‘Curse the Duma. It is all Witte’s doing’

33
Q

How long did the first Duma last

A

May - June

34
Q

What happened in response to the dissolution of the first Duma

A

The Vyborg Appeal

35
Q

How many deputies did The Vyborg Appeal involve

A

200

Mostly Kadets

36
Q

Where did deputies travel in The Vyborg Appeal

A

Vyborg in Finland

37
Q

What did the deputies urge in The Vyborg Appeal

A

Russian people not to pay their taxes or preform military service

38
Q

What happened after The Vyborg Appeal

A

Deputies arrested and banned them from next election

Hurt the Kadets

39
Q

Who was dismissed for failing to control the first Duma

A

Goremykim

40
Q

Who was Goremykin replaced by

A

Pyotr Stolypin

41
Q

What was the second Duma called

A

Duma of National Anger

42
Q

How many seats did the SRs receive in the second Duma

A

37 seats

43
Q

Which party lost half their seats in the second Duma

A

The Trudoviks

44
Q

Which party was the second largest in the second Duma

A

The Kadets

45
Q

Which right wing party had doubled their number of seats in the second Duma

A

The Octoberists

46
Q

How did Stolypin justify his use of article 87 in the second Duma

A

Used reports of a plot to assassinate the Tsar by SDs

47
Q

In the second Duma what did Stolypin use Article 87 to do? What is this referred to as?

A

Change the rules of voting in order to weigh it more towards the nobility and landowners

Stolypin’s Coup

48
Q

What reforms did Stolypin pass with Article 87

A

Agricultural reforms

49
Q

What was the third Duma called

A

The Duma of Lords and Lackeys

50
Q

How did Stolypin’s electoral reforms effect the third Duma

A

More right wing than the first two

51
Q

How many seats did the Octobrists win in the third Duma

A

154

52
Q

How many seats did the Rightists win in the third Duma

A

147

53
Q

What reforms was Stolypin able to pass in the third Duma

A

Army and navy improvements
Extending primary school
Land Captains replaced by Justices of the Peace
National health insurance scheme to pay sickness benefits to workers

54
Q

Who felt Stolypin was reforming too much

A

The Octobrists

55
Q

When was Stolypin assassinated

A

September 1911

56
Q

What was the fourth Duma called

A

More Lords and Lackeys

57
Q

Example of a massacre

A

Lena Goldfield Massacre

58
Q

How many people were killed at the Lena Goldfield Massacre

A

Over 200

59
Q

Why were people protesting at the Lena Goldfield Massacre

A

Bad conditions
Low wages
A 14 hour day

60
Q

What did the Lena Goldfield Massacre inspire

A

More strike action and protest amongst workers

AQA A Level: Tsarist And Communist Russia, 1855-1964 (35 decks)

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