Nicholas II Government 1905-1917 Flashcards
Who wrote the October manifesto
Witte
When was the October Manifesto published
30th October 1905
What freedoms did the October manifesto grant
Speech
Religion
Assembly and organisation
What did the October Manifesto propose the formation of
An elected National Assembly ‘Duma’
What powers would the Duma have
Power to approve or reject proposed legislation
Which group were prepared to negotiate with Nicholas? Why
The liberals
Uneasy about violent rebellion
Didn’t want to be too close the the SRs and Marxists (seen as extreme)
What did the Tsar promise to cancel in November? Who did this please
Redemption payments
Peasants
Why did the cancellation of the redemption payments make the peasants like the Tsar
Instinctively still loyal to the Tsar
Improvement in their personal finances
Most hated their local landowner
Which groups were not happy with the October Manifesto
SRs and Marxists (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks)
How did Trotsky describe the October Manifesto
A ‘whip wrapped in the parchment of a constitution’
What ended in August? Why was this useful?
Russo-Japanese war
Troops could be used to repress the revolutionary groups
In November members of what two organisations were arrested
Members of the St Petersburg Soviet
Leaders of the Union of Peasants
Which political party formed in October 1905? What was their political stance?
Union of the Russian People
Right wing nationalist Russians loyal to the Tsar
Which group did the Union of the Russian People use
The ‘Black Hundreds’
What did the Black Hundred do in December
In Odessa they murdered 500 Jews in a 3 pogrom
Also attacked striking workers, rebellious peasants and protesting students
In April 1906 what was passed
The Fundamental Laws
How did the Fundamental Laws strengthen the Tsar’s power
Tsar retained autocratic control and could veto any law proposed by his Council of Ministers
Council of Ministers were only answerable to the Tsar and not the Duma
Only Tsar could appoint ministers
What was Article 87
Gave the Tsar power to rule by decree in ‘exceptional circumstances’ when the Duma was not sitting
Who was sacked
Witte
Who was Witte replaced by
Ivan Goremykin
Who were the Octoberists
Wealthy moderate conservatives
Accepted the manifesto
Who were the Rightists
Union of the Russian People
Pro Tsar
Who were the Kadets
Liberal party - wanted civil rights, parliament, constitutional monarchy and some land redistribution
Who were the Trudoviks
Non revolutionary party - Liberal
Split from the SR
Who were the Progressives
Favoured moderate reform
Businessmen
Who were the SDs
Marxists split 1903 into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
Who were the SRs
Populists
What was the 1st Duma called
Duma of national hope
Who had the most seats in the first Duma
Kadets 182 seats
Who had the second most seats in the first Duma
Trudoviks - 107 seats
What did the first Duma demand in their ‘Address to the throne’
Universal male suffrage
Abolition of the death penalty
Redistribution of land
Giving up emergency powers
What did Nicholas say about the first Duma
‘Curse the Duma. It is all Witte’s doing’
How long did the first Duma last
May - June
What happened in response to the dissolution of the first Duma
The Vyborg Appeal
How many deputies did The Vyborg Appeal involve
200
Mostly Kadets
Where did deputies travel in The Vyborg Appeal
Vyborg in Finland
What did the deputies urge in The Vyborg Appeal
Russian people not to pay their taxes or preform military service
What happened after The Vyborg Appeal
Deputies arrested and banned them from next election
Hurt the Kadets
Who was dismissed for failing to control the first Duma
Goremykim
Who was Goremykin replaced by
Pyotr Stolypin
What was the second Duma called
Duma of National Anger
How many seats did the SRs receive in the second Duma
37 seats
Which party lost half their seats in the second Duma
The Trudoviks
Which party was the second largest in the second Duma
The Kadets
Which right wing party had doubled their number of seats in the second Duma
The Octoberists
How did Stolypin justify his use of article 87 in the second Duma
Used reports of a plot to assassinate the Tsar by SDs
In the second Duma what did Stolypin use Article 87 to do? What is this referred to as?
Change the rules of voting in order to weigh it more towards the nobility and landowners
Stolypin’s Coup
What reforms did Stolypin pass with Article 87
Agricultural reforms
What was the third Duma called
The Duma of Lords and Lackeys
How did Stolypin’s electoral reforms effect the third Duma
More right wing than the first two
How many seats did the Octobrists win in the third Duma
154
How many seats did the Rightists win in the third Duma
147
What reforms was Stolypin able to pass in the third Duma
Army and navy improvements
Extending primary school
Land Captains replaced by Justices of the Peace
National health insurance scheme to pay sickness benefits to workers
Who felt Stolypin was reforming too much
The Octobrists
When was Stolypin assassinated
September 1911
What was the fourth Duma called
More Lords and Lackeys
Example of a massacre
Lena Goldfield Massacre
How many people were killed at the Lena Goldfield Massacre
Over 200
Why were people protesting at the Lena Goldfield Massacre
Bad conditions
Low wages
A 14 hour day
What did the Lena Goldfield Massacre inspire
More strike action and protest amongst workers
