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Histopathology > Staining (Module) > Flashcards

Staining (Module) Flashcards

1
Q

Process whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution, producing coloration of the active tissue component

A

Histological Staining

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2
Q

Example of Histochemical Staining:

A

a. Perl’s Prussian Blue -> Hemoglobin
b. Periodic Acid Schiff –> CHO

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3
Q

combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under the microscope, using a wide range of polyclonal or monoclonal, fluorescent labeled or enzyme-labeled antibodies.

A

Immunohistochemical Staining

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4
Q

Methods of Immunohistochemical Staining

A
  1. Direct staining
  2. Indirect staining
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5
Q

process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions

A

Direct Staining

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6
Q

Example of direct staining

A

methylene blue and eosin

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7
Q

the action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent or mordant

A

Indirect staining

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8
Q

Process where by tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence and applied for a specific period of time. it is not washed or decolorized

A

Progressive Staining

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9
Q

The tissue is first overstained to obliterate the cellular details and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted parts of the tissue, until the desired intensity of color is obtained

A

Regressive staining

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10
Q

selective removal of excess stain from the tissue during regressive staining

A

Differentiation (Decolorization)

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11
Q

acts differentiator for both Basic and Acid Dye

A

Alcohol

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12
Q

use of specific dyes w/c differentiate particular substances w/ a color that is different from that of the stain itself

A

Metachromatic Staining

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13
Q

tissue components combine w/ these dyes form a different color

A

Metachromatic Staining

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14
Q

belongs to the thizine and triphenylmethane group

A

Metachromatic staining

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15
Q

Examples of Metachromatic staining

A
  1. Methyl violet
  2. Cresyl blue
  3. Safranin
  4. Bismark brown
  5. Basic fuchsin
  6. Methylene blue
  7. Thionine
  8. Toluidine blue
  9. Azure A and B
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16
Q

application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background to the staining of the structural components to be demonstrated

A

Counterstaining

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17
Q

Cytoplasmic Stains:

A

Red - Eosin Y, Eosin B, Phloxine B
Yellow - Picric acid, Orange G, Rose Bengal
Green - Light green SF, Lissamine green

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18
Q

Nuclear Stains:

A

Red - Neutral red, Safranin 0, Carmine, Hematoxylin
Blue - Methylene blue, Toluidine Blue, Celestine

19
Q

specific tissue elements are demonstrated not by stains, but by colorless solutions of metallic salt

A

Metallic Impregnation

20
Q

Black deposits

A

Metallic salts and Ammoniacal Silver

21
Q

Is a selective staining of living cells constituents

A

Vital staining

22
Q

Example of Vital staining

A

Janus green –> Mitochondria

23
Q

____ of living cells is resistant to vital stains

A

Nucleus

24
Q

Injection of dye into any part of the animal body, producing specific colorization of certain cells

A

Intravital staining

25
Q

Examples of Intravital stains:

A

Lithium
Carmine
India Ink

26
Q

Used to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body

A

Supravital staining

26
Q

Used to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body

A

Supravital staining

27
Q

Examples of Supravital staining

A

Neutral Dye - best vital dye
Janus Green - recommended for mitochondria
Trypan blue
Nile blue
Thionine
Toluidine blue

28
Q

natural dye derived by extraction from the core or the heartwood of a Mexican tree “Hematoxylin campechianum”

A

Hematoxylin

29
Q

It is by far the most valuable staining reagent used by the cytologists due to its powerful nuclear and chromatin staining capacity

A

Hematoxylin

30
Q

Coloring agent of Hematoxylin

A

Hematin

31
Q

Oxidation of hematoxylin to become Hematin

A

Ripening

32
Q

Natural ripening of Hematoxylin make take

A

3-4 months

33
Q

Artificial ripening of Hematoxylin:

A

hydrogen peroxide
potassium permanganate
sodium perborate
sodium iodate
mercuric oxide

34
Q

Old histologic dye extracted from the female cochineal bug (Coccus cacti)

A

Cochineal dye

35
Q

Cochineal dye is treated with

A

alum Carmine (Dye)

36
Q

Widely used powerful chromatin and nuclear stain for fresh material and smear prep

A

Cochineal Dye

37
Q

Cochineal dye for neuropathological studies

A

Carmine + Picric Acid = Picrocarmine

38
Q

Cochineal dye for demonstration of Glycogen

A

Carmine + Aluminum chloride = Best’s Carmine

39
Q

vegetable dye extracted from certain lichens which are normally colorless

A

Orcein

40
Q

Orcein is treated with

A

ammonia + air (Blue or Violet colors)

41
Q

It is weak acid,, soluble in alkaali

A

Orcein

42
Q

It is now primarily used as an indicator

A

Orcein

Histopathology (22 decks)

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