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Histopathology > Cytopathology > Flashcards

Cytopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Based on spontaneous shedding of cells derived from the
lining of an organ into a cavity

A

Exfoliative Cytology

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2
Q

It is the simplest of the three sampling techniques

A

Exfoliative Cytology

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3
Q

Examples of Exfoliative cytology

A

Vaginal smear, sputum, urine, effusion

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4
Q

The material is collected spontaneously or by a syringe or a
cotton swab.

A

Exfoliative Cytology

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5
Q

Cells are obtained directly from the surface of the target of
interest.

A

Abrasive Cytology

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6
Q

Samples are taken by:

scraping; from cervix (pap smear), vagina, oral cavity (Buccal
mucosal smear), and skin lesions

A

Abrasive Cytology

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7
Q

Samples are taken by:

brushing, washing, and lavage: bronchi, GIT, and urinary tract

A

Abrasive Cytology

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8
Q

Examples: cervical scraper, endoscopy, and gastric lavage.

A

Abrasive Cytology

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9
Q

Samples can be obtained from superficial or deep lesions

A

Abrasive Cytology

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10
Q

The purpose of this procedure is to dislodge cells, enrich
the sample with cells obtained directly from the surface of
the target of interest.

A

Abrasive Cytology

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11
Q

Samples are obtained from solid tissue: body organs,
tumors & other swell

A

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
(FNAC)

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12
Q

Example of FNAC

A

lymph node, breast and thyroid

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13
Q

A needle with a syringe is used.

A

FNAC

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14
Q

Virtually every organ in the body is accessible to this
method

A

FNAC

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15
Q

Fixatives for Pap smear & FNA

A

95% ethyl alcohol

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16
Q

Fixatives does not result in lysis of RBC & better reserved of nuclear details

A

Fixatives

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17
Q

Fixatives for lysis of RBC

A

Carnoy’s fixative

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18
Q

Stain Mainly used in Exfoliative cytopathology.

A

Papanicolaou stain

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19
Q

Stain that is Good & better demonstration of nuclear details.

A

Papanicolaou stain

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20
Q

Stains Mainly used in FNA

A

Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)

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21
Q

Stains Mainly in FNA

A

Leishman & Giemsa stains

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22
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Air drying

A

Air–dried Giemsa staining

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23
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Staining with Giemsa

A

Air–dried Giemsa staining

24
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Staining with Pap’s or H&E

A

Wet–fixed Pap’s staining

25
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Well demonstrated cytoplasmic details

A

Air–dried Giemsa staining

26
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Excellent demonstration of nuclear details

A

Wet–fixed Pap’s staining

27
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Exaggerated cells & nuclear size

A

Air–dried Giemsa staining

28
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Excellent demonstration of nuclear details

A

Wet–fixed Pap’s staining

29
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Poorly seen individual cells

A

Air–dried Giemsa staining

30
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Clearly seen individual cells

A

Wet–fixed Pap’s staining

31
Q

Histopath or Cytopath:

Deals with the form and the structure of the tissue.

32
Q

Histopath or Cytopath:

Deals with the changes within the nucleus
and cytoplasm of cells.

33
Q

Histopath or Cytopath:

Fine needles with small gauge are usually preferred so it is less invasive and traumatic.

34
Q

Histopath or Cytopath:

Basic stain is H&E.

35
Q

Histopath or Cytopath:

Basic stain is Pap stain (However H&E could be used as well.)

36
Q

Histopath or Cytopath:

Diagnosis obtained after days

37
Q

Histopath or Cytopath:

Rapid diagnosis that could be obtained within minutes.

38
Q

Histopath or Cytopath:

Expensive means of diagnosis do not allow for repetition

39
Q

include cervicovaginal cytopathology, etc.

A

Gynecological Cytopathology

40
Q

include cytopathology of all other organs.

A

Non-gynecological Cytopathology

41
Q

include FNA of breast, FNA of thyroid, etc

A

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)

42
Q

Two types of epithelia are present in female genital organs:

A

Columnar epithelium
Squamous epithelium

43
Q

lining of uterus & endocervix.

A

Columnar epithelium

44
Q

lining of ectocervix & vagina.

A

Squamous epithelium

45
Q

usual process occurring in all women, as a result of hormonal effects. (Changes more in cytoplasm of cells more than nuclei)

A

Squamous Metaplasia

46
Q

For reporting of cervico- vaginal cytology, _______ is currently used.

A

Bethesda system (1991)

47
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Cell arrangement: Exfoliated singly

A

Normal Squamous cells

48
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Cell arrangement: Cohesive sheets or groups

A

Metaplastic
Squamous cells

49
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Cell arrangement: Singly or discohesive sheets. Variable size & shape of cells.

A

Malignant
Squamous cells

50
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Abundant cytoplasm Well defined cell borders

A

Normal Squamous
cells

51
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Either pale to dense cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic processes. Poor defined cell borders

A

Metaplastic
Squamous cells

52
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Scant cytoplasm

A

Malignant
Squamous cells

53
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Centrally located nucleus.
Absent nucleoli.
Low N/C ratio.

A

Normal Squamous
cells

54
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Larger nuclei than normal. With or without nucleoli.

A

Metaplastic
Squamous cells

55
Q

Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells:

Variable size & shape.
High N/c ratio.
Prominent nucleoli.

A

Malignant
Squamous cells

56
Q

Metastatic carcinomas to the serous surfaces are from

A

lung, breast, colon, stomach, & ovary

Histopathology (22 decks)

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