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Histopathology > Cytopathology > Flashcards

Cytopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Based on spontaneous shedding of cells derived from the
lining of an organ into a cavity

A

Exfoliative Cytology

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2
Q

It is the simplest of the three sampling techniques

A

Exfoliative Cytology

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3
Q

Examples of Exfoliative cytology

A

Vaginal smear, sputum, urine, effusion

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4
Q

The material is collected spontaneously or by a syringe or a
cotton swab.

A

Exfoliative Cytology

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5
Q

Cells are obtained directly from the surface of the target of
interest.

A

Abrasive Cytology

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6
Q

Samples are taken by:

scraping; from cervix (pap smear), vagina, oral cavity (Buccal
mucosal smear), and skin lesions

A

Abrasive Cytology

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7
Q

Samples are taken by:

brushing, washing, and lavage: bronchi, GIT, and urinary tract

A

Abrasive Cytology

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8
Q

Examples: cervical scraper, endoscopy, and gastric lavage.

A

Abrasive Cytology

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9
Q

Samples can be obtained from superficial or deep lesions

A

Abrasive Cytology

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10
Q

The purpose of this procedure is to dislodge cells, enrich
the sample with cells obtained directly from the surface of
the target of interest.

A

Abrasive Cytology

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11
Q

Samples are obtained from solid tissue: body organs,
tumors & other swell

A

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
(FNAC)

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12
Q

Example of FNAC

A

lymph node, breast and thyroid

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13
Q

A needle with a syringe is used.

A

FNAC

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14
Q

Virtually every organ in the body is accessible to this
method

A

FNAC

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15
Q

Fixatives for Pap smear & FNA

A

95% ethyl alcohol

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16
Q

Fixatives does not result in lysis of RBC & better reserved of nuclear details

A

Fixatives

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17
Q

Fixatives for lysis of RBC

A

Carnoy’s fixative

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18
Q

Stain Mainly used in Exfoliative cytopathology.

A

Papanicolaou stain

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19
Q

Stain that is Good & better demonstration of nuclear details.

A

Papanicolaou stain

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20
Q

Stains Mainly used in FNA

A

Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)

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21
Q

Stains Mainly in FNA

A

Leishman & Giemsa stains

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22
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Air drying

A

Air–dried Giemsa staining

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23
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Staining with Giemsa

A

Air–dried Giemsa staining

24
Q

Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining:

Staining with Pap’s or H&E

A

Wet–fixed Pap’s staining

25
Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining: Well demonstrated cytoplasmic details
Air–dried Giemsa staining
26
Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining: Excellent demonstration of nuclear details
Wet–fixed Pap’s staining
27
Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining: Exaggerated cells & nuclear size
Air–dried Giemsa staining
28
Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining: Excellent demonstration of nuclear details
Wet–fixed Pap’s staining
29
Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining: Poorly seen individual cells
Air–dried Giemsa staining
30
Air–dried Giemsa staining or Wet–fixed Pap’s staining: Clearly seen individual cells
Wet–fixed Pap’s staining
31
Histopath or Cytopath: Deals with the form and the structure of the tissue.
Histopath
32
Histopath or Cytopath: Deals with the changes within the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells.
Cytopath
33
Histopath or Cytopath: Fine needles with small gauge are usually preferred so it is less invasive and traumatic.
Cytopath
34
Histopath or Cytopath: Basic stain is H&E.
Histopath
35
Histopath or Cytopath: Basic stain is Pap stain (However H&E could be used as well.)
Cytopath
36
Histopath or Cytopath: Diagnosis obtained after days
Histopath
37
Histopath or Cytopath: Rapid diagnosis that could be obtained within minutes.
Cytopath
38
Histopath or Cytopath: Expensive means of diagnosis do not allow for repetition
Histopath
39
include cervicovaginal cytopathology, etc.
Gynecological Cytopathology
40
include cytopathology of all other organs.
Non-gynecological Cytopathology
41
include FNA of breast, FNA of thyroid, etc
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
42
Two types of epithelia are present in female genital organs:
Columnar epithelium Squamous epithelium
43
lining of uterus & endocervix.
Columnar epithelium
44
lining of ectocervix & vagina.
Squamous epithelium
45
usual process occurring in all women, as a result of hormonal effects. (Changes more in cytoplasm of cells more than nuclei)
Squamous Metaplasia
46
For reporting of cervico- vaginal cytology, _______ is currently used.
Bethesda system (1991)
47
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Cell arrangement: Exfoliated singly
Normal Squamous cells
48
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Cell arrangement: Cohesive sheets or groups
Metaplastic Squamous cells
49
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Cell arrangement: Singly or discohesive sheets. Variable size & shape of cells.
Malignant Squamous cells
50
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Abundant cytoplasm Well defined cell borders
Normal Squamous cells
51
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Either pale to dense cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic processes. Poor defined cell borders
Metaplastic Squamous cells
52
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Scant cytoplasm
Malignant Squamous cells
53
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Centrally located nucleus. Absent nucleoli. Low N/C ratio.
Normal Squamous cells
54
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Larger nuclei than normal. With or without nucleoli.
Metaplastic Squamous cells
55
Normal, Metaplastic squamous cells, or Malignant squamous cells: Variable size & shape. High N/c ratio. Prominent nucleoli.
Malignant Squamous cells
56
Metastatic carcinomas to the serous surfaces are from
lung, breast, colon, stomach, & ovary

Histopathology (22 decks)

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