P2: Staining

Question 1

The process of applying dyes on the sections to see and study the architectural patterns of the tissue and the physical characteristics of the cells

Answer 1

Staining

Question 2

Staining whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution

Answer 2

Histological

Question 3

Process by which various constituents of tissues are studied thru chemical reactions that will permit microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance

Answer 3

Histochemical

Question 4

A combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected

Answer 4

Immunohistochemical

Question 5

Examples of Histological staining

Answer 5

1. Micro-anatomic stains
2. Bacterial stains
3. Specific tissue stains

Question 6

Examples of Histochemical Staining (Histochemistry)

Answer 6

1. Perl’s Prussian Blue reaction with iron
2. PAS reaction for staining carbohydrates

Question 7

Methods of Staining

Answer 7

Direct staining
Indirect staining

Question 8

Process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions

Answer 8

Direct staining

Question 8

Process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions

Answer 8

Direct staining

Question 9

Process whereby the action of the dye is intensified by adding another known as mordant which serves as a link or bridge between the tissue and dye, to make staining reaction possible

Answer 9

Indirect staining

Question 10

Serves as a link or bridge for the staining reaction to become more visible

Answer 10

Mordant

Question 11

This combines with the dye to form a lake, then this lake will combine with the tissue forming the “tissue-mordant-dye complex”

Answer 11

Mordant

Question 12

Not essential to the chemical reaction/union of the tissue and dye. It does not participate in the staining reaction, but merely accelerates or speeds up the staining reaction by increasing the staining power and selectively of the dye

Answer 12

Accentuator

Question 13

A staining process in which tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence, and staining solution is applied until desired intensity of color is attained, once the dye is taken up it is not washed or decolorized

Answer 13

Progressive staining

Question 14

The tissue is first overstained to obliterate the cellular details, and excess is removed or decolorized from the tissue

Answer 14

Regressive staining

Question 15

Color shades of the dye itself will stain the tissues similarly.
Ex: Color of dye is RED = tissue after staining = RED

Answer 15

Orthrochromatic staining

Question 16

Dyes that stains tissues with different color from the dye (Metachromasia)

Answer 16

Metachromic staining

Question 17

Examples of Metachromic staining

Answer 17

Methyl violet
Cresyl blue
Safranin
Bismarck Brown

Question 18

When inclusions of live cells or tissues are stained

Answer 18

Vital staining

Question 19

When living cells are stained after being removed from the body

Answer 19

Supravital staining

Question 20

Staining of cells while still part of the body

Answer 20

Intravital staining

Question 21

Utility: General evaluation, cellular characteristics, type of inflammation

Answer 21

Hematoxylin and Eosin stain (H&E)

Question 22

Utility: Glomerular cell number, basement membrane, mesagium, tubular basement membrane, hyaline (red color)

Answer 22

Periodic acid-Schiff Stain (PAS)

Question 23

Utility: Basement details (black color)

Answer 23

Silver methanamine (Jones)

Question 24

Extracellular glomerular matrix and tubular basement membrane (blue or green)

Answer 24

Masson’s trichrome

Question 25

Utility: Amyloid

Answer 25

Congo red

Question 26

Utility: Calcification

Answer 26

Von kossa

Question 27

Utility: Protein deposition (immune complex)

Answer 27

Acid fuschin-orange G

Question 28

Utility: Fibrosis

Answer 28

Sirus red