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Histopathology > Module: Staining Part II > Flashcards

Module: Staining Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Known as “Coal Tar Dyes”

A

Synthetic Dyes

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2
Q

They are derived from the hydro-carbon benzene (C6H6) and are collectively known as Aniline dyes

A

Synthetic dyes

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2
Q

They are derived from the hydro-carbon benzene (C6H6) and are collectively known as Aniline dyes

A

Synthetic dyes

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3
Q

Are substances with definite atomic grouping and capable of producing visible color

A

Chromophores

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4
Q

Simple benzene compounds which contain such substances of Chromophores

A

Chromogens

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5
Q

Before a chromogen can properly be called a dye, it must have a property of retaining its color in the tissue. This property is acquired by the addition of an

A

Auxochrome

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6
Q

Depending on where the coloring substance is found, dyes may be classified into three groups:

A
  1. Acid Dyes
  2. Basic Dyes
  3. Neutral Dyes
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7
Q

Where the active coloring substances is found in the acid component, and the inactive base, e.g. acid fuchsin, is usually the sodium salt of a sulfonate or rosaniline

A

Acid dyes

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8
Q

Examples of Acid Dyes

A
  1. Acid fuchsin
  2. Picric acid
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9
Q

Where the active coloring substances is found in a basic component that combines with the acid radical

A

Basic dyes

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10
Q

Example of basic dyes

A

Methylene blue (both indicator and dye)

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11
Q

are formed by combining aqueous solutions of acid and basic dyes, capable of staining cytoplasm and nucleus simultaneously and differentially

A

Neutral dye

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12
Q

Example of Neutral dye

A

Romanosky dyes
Giemsa’s stain
Irishman’s stain

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13
Q

Recommended for progressive staining

A

Aluminum hematoxylin

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14
Q

Used for regressive staining

A

Ehrlich Hematoxylin

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15
Q

Hastens the ripening process of hematoxylin

A

Sodium iodate

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16
Q

Suitable for tissues that have been subjected to acid decalcification

A

Sodium iodate

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17
Q

Exfoliating Cytology and sex chromosomes

A

Harris Hematoxylin

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18
Q

Harris Hematoxylin is ripened by

A

Mercuric oxide/chloride

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19
Q

The addition of this will give a more precise nuclear staining in hematoxylin

A

4% glacial acetic acid

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20
Q

Another alum hematoxylin solution recommended for routine purposes, especially used in sequence with Celestine blue

A

Cole’s Hematoxylin

21
Q

Cole’s Hematoxylin is artificially ripened with

A

Alcoholic Iodine solution

22
Q

It can be used as regressive stain, but it is also useful as a progressive stain

A

Mayer’s Hematoxylin

23
Q

During staining, alum hematoxylin stained sections are usually passed on to an alkaline solution in order to neutralize the acid and free the OH group, to form an insoluble bluealuminum hematin-tissue-lake

A

Blueing

24
Q

Examples of Blueing agents:

A
  1. Tap water
  2. Lithium Carbonate
  3. Bicarbonate
  4. Potassium or Sodium Acetate
25
Q

Used only for differential and regressive staining, using acid-alcohol as a differentiating agent

A

Iron Hematoxylin

26
Q

Examples of Iron Hematoxylin

A
  1. Weigert’s Hematoxylin
  2. Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin
  3. Regaud’s Hematoxylin for Mitochondria
27
Q

Uses Ferric chloride as Mordant

A

Weigert’s Hematoxylin

28
Q

Uses Ferric Ammonium chloride as the Mordant

A

Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin

29
Q

Modification of Iron Hematoxylin used to demonstrate Mitochondria

A

Regaud’s Hematoxylin

30
Q

Also known as the original Mallory PTAH technique, combining hematoxylin with 1% aqueous phophotungstic acid, which acts as mordant

A

Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH)

31
Q

One of the most valuable stains used for differentially staining connective tissue and cytoplasm

A

Eosin

32
Q

It is a red general cytoplasmic stain that combines with hemoglobin to give an orange color

A

Eosin

33
Q

Commonly used a counterstain in H&E

A

Eosin

34
Q

The commonly used eosin, showing green yellow fluorescence especially in alcoholic medium

A

Eosin Y

35
Q

Very faint bluish cast

A

Eosin B

36
Q

Eosin that is rarely used

A

Eosin S

37
Q

The most common staining technique in histopathology. This uses a combination of two dyes, used for demonstration of nucleus and cytoplasmic inclusions in clinical specimens

A

H&E

38
Q

A mixture of picric acid and fuchsin for the demonstration of connective tissues

A

Acid Fuchsin-Picric Acid (Van Gieson’s stain)

39
Q

A basic acridine fluorochrome which permits discrimination between dead and living cells giving fluorescence for DNA and a red fluorescence for RNA

A

Acridine Orange

40
Q

Used to demonstrate deposits of calcium salts and possible sites of phosphatase activity

A

Acridine Red 3B

41
Q

Is a complex, water-soluble phtalocyanin dye, similar to chlorophyll, which stains acid mucopolysaccharides by forming slats linkages with the,

A

Alcian blue

42
Q

Is a cytoplasmic stain used for counterstaining of epithelial sections

A

Aniline Blue

43
Q

Is a plasma stain utilized also for deep staining of acid-fast organisms, for mitochondria, for differentiation of smooth muscles with the used of picric acid

A

Basic Fuchsin

44
Q

It is main constituents of Feulgen’s (DNA) and Schiff’s reagent for the detection of aldehydes

A

Basic Fuchsin

45
Q

Is used as a contrast stain for Gram’s technique, in acid fast and Papanicolau method, and for staining diptheria

A

Bismarck Brown

46
Q

Usually combined with aluminum chloride to stain glycogen

A

Carmine

47
Q

Is a mordanted dye acting as a basic dye and staining acidic substances

A

Mayer’s Carmalum Solution

48
Q

Resistant to strong acid dyes, recommended for routine staining of fixed sections, giving a good nuclear definition when used in conjunction with alum hematoxylin

A

Celestine Blue

49
Q

Is best known as an indicator, but may be utilized as a stain for axis cylinders embryos

A

Congo red

50
Q

It is used as 4% aqueous solution in Kaijan’s method of staining elastic tissues, amyloid and myelin

A

Congo red

Histopathology (22 decks)

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