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Histopathology > P1 EXAM > Flashcards

P1 EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Absolute alcohol

A

Dehydration

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2
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Chloroform

A

Clearing

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3
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Xylene

A

Clearing

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4
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Paraplast

A

Wax infiltration

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5
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Paraffin wax

A

Wax infiltration

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6
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Ester wax

A

Wax infiltration

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7
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Toluene

A

Clearing

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8
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Benzene

A

Clearing

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9
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Dioxane

A

Dehydration

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10
Q

Choose what step in tissue processing each description/instrument or reagent belongs to:

Hydrochloric acid

A

Decalcification

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11
Q

The ft Are some of the difficulties encountered because of improper fixation, choose what is the most probable cause of the tf. Case: Tissue blocks are brittle and hard.

a. Prolonged fixation
b. Incomplete fixation
c. Incomplete washing
d. Wrong choice of fixation

A

a. Prolonged fixation

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12
Q

The ff are some of the difficulties encountered because of improper fixation, choose what is the most probable cause of the tf Case: Removal of substance soluble in fixing agent.

a. Prolonged fixation.
b. Incomplete fixation
c. Incomplete washing
d. Wrong choice of fixative

A

d. Wrong choice of fixative

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13
Q

The ff. Are some of the difficulties encountered because of improper fixation, choose what is the most probable cause of the ff. Case: Loss or inactivation of enzymes needed for study.

a. Prolonged fixation
b. Incomplete fixation
c. Incomplete washing
d. Wrong choice of fixative

A

d. Wrong choice of fixative

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14
Q

The ff. Are some of the difficulties encountered because of improper fixation, choose what is the most probable cause of the ff. Case: Presence of artifacts/ unwanted pigments on tissue
sections.

a. Prolonged fixation
b. Incomplete fixation
c. Incomplete washing
d. Wrong choice of fixative

A

c. Incomplete washing

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15
Q

The ff. Are some of the difficulties encountered because of improper fixation, choose what is the most probable cause of the ff. Case: Tissues are soft and feather-like in consistency.

a. Prolonged fixation
b. Incomplete fixation
c. Incomplete washing
d. Wrong choice of fixative

A

b. Incomplete fixation

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16
Q

What is the reason why bony tissue and calcium deposits need to be decalcified before proceeding to tissue processing?

a. To prevent microtome knives from getting blunt.
b. To prevent bone dust from obscuring important structures.
c. To facilitate normal cutting of tissues.
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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17
Q

It is considered the most common and fastest decalcifying agent.

a. Nitric acid
b. Calcium acetate
c. Hydrochloric acid
d. Chromic acid

A

a. Nitric acid

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18
Q

Perenyi’s fluid is an example of?

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. Clearing agent
d. Dehydrating agent

A

b. Decalcifying agent

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19
Q

Von Ebner’s fluid is composed of NaCl and Hcl this fluid is an example of a:

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. Clearing agent
d. Dehydrating agent

A

b. Decalcifying agent

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20
Q

EDTA disodium salt can be used as an effective:

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. Clearing agent
d. Dehydrating agent

A

b. Decalcifying agent

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21
Q

Dioxane can be used as a:

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. Clearing agent
d. Dehydrating agent

A

d. Dehydrating agent

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22
Q

Benzene can be used as a:

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. Clearing agent
d. Dehydrating agent

A

c. Clearing agent

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23
Q

Xylene can be used as a :

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. Clearing agent
d. Dehydrating agent

A

c. Clearing agent

24
Q

Bouin’s fluid is used as a:

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. Clearing agent
d. Dehydrating agent

A

a. Fixative

25
Q

Heidanhans susa solution is used as a:

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. Clearing agent
d. Dehydrating agent

A

a. Fixative

26
Q

What is the general purpose of infiltrating tissues with paraffin wax?

a. To fill cavities and make tissues sturdy
b. To facilitate better staining
c. To improve tissue texture
d. To make tissue heat resistant

A

a. To fill cavities and make tissues sturdy

27
Q

Impregnation or wax infiltration is done using?

a. Melted paraffin wax
b. Paraffin wax pellets
c. Solid wax
d. Wax cooled at room temperature.

A

a. Melted paraffin wax

28
Q

What is the most appropriate type of wax to help infiltrate hard tissues?

a. High melting point waxes
b. Low melting point waxes

A

a. High melting point waxes

29
Q

Tissue+Wax

a. Wax infiltration
b. Embedding

A

a. Wax infiltration

30
Q

Tissue with wax+ wax

a. Wax infiltration
b. Embedding

A

b. Embedding

31
Q

All of the following can be used as a substitute for paraffin wax, except?
a. Ester wax
b. Paraplast
c. Embeddol
d. All of the above
e. none of the above

A

e. none of the above

32
Q

Paraffin embedded tissues are arranged _________ pf the mold together with their proper labels and immersed in melted paraffin

a. Center
b. Half way
c. Bottom
d. Top part

33
Q

Consist of two L. Shaped strips of heavy brass pr metal arrange on a flat metal plate, used mainly for embedding.

a. Peel away molds
b. Leukuharts mold
c. Ice tray
d. Paper boat

A

b. Leukuharts mold

34
Q

Impregnation/ inflation technique recommended for bones, teeth, large brain sections.

a. Wet celloidin method
b. Dry celloidin method
c. Paraffin infiltration
d. Ester wax

A

a. Wet celloidin method

35
Q

All of the following, refers to fixation: except:
a. Prevents breakdown of cellular elements
b. Coagulate or precipitate protoplasmic substances
c. Preserve the tissue
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

36
Q

Routine fixation usually happens at room temperature; which of the following ranges below is closest to a room, temperature.

A. 0-4C
B. 30-35C
C. 20-25C
D. 36.5-37

37
Q

Hypertonic solution make cells swell, while hypotonic solution make the cell shrink
a. Both statements are correct
b. Both statements are incorrect
c. Only the first statement is correct
d. Only the second statement is correc

A

b. Both statements are incorrect

38
Q

Duration of fixation can be prolonged by:
a. Heat
b. Vacuum
c. Agitation
d. All of the above
e. None of these

A

e. none of this

39
Q

The volume of the tissue and fixative ratio is:
a. 20:1
b. 1:20
c. 1:1
d. Depends on the condition

40
Q

Which of the following statements below are/is true?
a. Brain must be fixed before frossing and sectioning
b. Bone marrow continues to undergo mitosis up to 30 mins after death after refrigeration,
c. Fixation can be retarded by the presence of mucus,
d. All of the above statements are correct,
e. None of the statements are correct

A

d. All of the above statements are correct,

41
Q

Which of the following are the composition of 10% Formalin used commonly in laboratories?
I. Formaldehyde 40%.
Ill. Distilled water.
II. Glutaraldehyde3%
IV. Tap water

a. land Il
b. l and Ill
c. all of the above

A

b. l and Ill

42
Q

Which of the following are the composition of 10% Buffered Formalin used commonly in laboratories?
I. Formaldehyde 40%
II. Na dihydrogen phosphate
III. Distilled water
IV. Sodium hydrogen phosphate
V. Disodium hydrogen phosphate I and Il

a. I and II
b. I,II AND Ill
c. all of the above
d. All except IV

A

d. All except IV

43
Q

What is the advantage of using buffered formalin compared to the normal formalin.

A. Buffered formalin is much faster in fixation time.
B. Buffered formalin is less toxic than normal formalin.
C. Buffered formalin does not form pigments.
D. Buffered formalin forms pigments

A

C. Buffered formalin does not form pigments.

44
Q

It is the process of removing water from intracellular and extracellular compartments of the tissue.
A. Dehydration
B. Fixation
C. Decalcification
D. Impregnation

A

A. Dehydration

45
Q

Usually appears in the head and neck and may persist for 3-4 days

A

Livor mortis

46
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

NaCI

A

Formol-Saline

47
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

NaCI

A

Formol-Saline

48
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

Calcium acetate

A

Formol-calcium

49
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

Mercuric chloride + Na acetate

A

B-5 fixative

50
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

Picric acid in 95% Alcohol

A

Gendre’s fluid

51
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

Saturated Mercuric chloride

A

Formol-sublimate

52
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

CNS

A

Formol-Saline

53
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

Red Blood cells

A

Formol-sublimate

54
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

Lipid fixation

A

Formol-calcium

55
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

Glycogen

A

Gendre’s fluid

56
Q

Correctly pair the following to its most common functions/use on.

Bone Marrow

A

B-5 fixative

Histopathology (22 decks)

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