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Histopathology > P2: Microtomy > Flashcards

P2: Microtomy Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which processed tissue, most commonly a paraffinembedded tissue, is trimmed and cut into uniformly thin slices known as sections to facilitate studies under the microscope

A

Microtomy

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2
Q

Essential Parts of a Microtome

A
  1. Block Holder
  2. Knife carries and knife
  3. Pawl, ratchet feed wheel and adjustment screw
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3
Q

Where tissues are held in position

A

Block holder

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4
Q

For actual cutting of tissue sections

A

Knife carrier and knife

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5
Q

To line ip the tissue block with the knife, adjusting the thickness of the tissues

A

Pawl, ratchet feed wheel and adjustment screws

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6
Q

Types of Microtome

A
  1. Rocking
  2. Rotary
  3. Sliding
  4. Freezing
  5. Ultrathin
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7
Q

Used for cutting sections of large blocks of paraffin embedded tissues

A

Rocking Microtome

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8
Q

Rocking microtome is invented by _____

A

Paldwell Trefall in 1881

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9
Q

The simplest among the different types of microtomes

A

Rocking Microtome

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10
Q

Used for cutting sections embedded in paraffin

A

Rotary Microtome

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11
Q

Rotary Microtome was invented by

A

Minot in 1885-86

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12
Q

Most common type used in routine and research laboratories

A

Rotary Microtome

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13
Q

Used for celloidin embedded sections

A

Sliding Microtome

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14
Q

Sliding Microtome was invented by

A

Adams in 1979

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15
Q

Two types of Sliding Microtome

A

Base sledge
Standard sliding

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16
Q

Used for unembedded frozen sections

A

Freezing Microtome

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17
Q

Freezing microtome was invented by

A

Queckett in 1848

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18
Q

Useful in rapid diagnosis and sensitive tissue constituents that are damaged or destroyed by heat

A

Freezing Microtome

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19
Q

A refrigerated apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy

A

Cryostat/Cold Microtome

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20
Q

Consists of a rotary microtome, kept in cold chamber

A

Cryostat / Cold Microtome

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21
Q

Cryostat is maintained at temperature:

A

-5 to -30C or (20C average)

22
Q

Useful for rapid preparation of urgent tissue biopsies for intraoperative diagnosis

A

Cryostat / Cold Microtome

23
Q

Used for cutting tissues in preparation for electron microscopy

A

Ultrathin Microtome

24
Q

Specific size of Ultrathin Microtome

A

0.5 micra

25
Q

Knife used in Ultrathin Microtome

A

Fragments of broken plate glass

26
Q

Specimens in Ultrathin microtome must be:

A

Small, Fixed in Osmium Tetroxide; embedded in plastic

27
Q

Microtome Knives:

A

plane concave
biconcave
plane wedge

28
Q

Size of Plane Concave

A

25 mm

29
Q

size of biconcave

A

120 mm

30
Q

size of plane wedge

A

100 mm

31
Q

One side flat; the other is concave

A

Plane concave

32
Q

Both sides concave

A

Biconcave

33
Q

Both sides are straight

A

Plane wedge

34
Q

Microtome knife used in celloidin-embedded tissues

A

Plane concave

35
Q

Microtome knife used in paraffin embedded tissues

A

Biconcave

36
Q

Microtome knife used in Frozen Sections; Extremely hard specimens in paraffin

A

Plane wedge

37
Q

If not corrected, it will produce tears and striae in tissue sections

A

Jagged edges

38
Q

Involves the removal of gross nicks on the knife edges (coarse honing)

A

Honing

39
Q

To remove blemishes, and grinding the cutting edge of the knife on a stone

A

Honing

40
Q

The degree of sharpness is proportional to the fineness of the abrasive used in sharpening

A

Honing

41
Q

Types of Hones

A

Belgium yellow
Arkansas
Fine Carborundum

42
Q

For manual sharpening, for nicked and blunted cutting edges of knife

A

Belgium yellow

43
Q

Gives more polishing effect than Belgium yellow

A

Arkansas

44
Q

Much coarser, used for very badly nicked knives

A

Fine carborundum

45
Q

Honing Procedure:

A
  1. Wipe the surface of the hone with a sift cloth moistened with xylene
  2. Cover the hone with mineral of clove oil or soapy water
  3. The knife is fitted and with its cutting edge first, the heel is drawn diagonally until the toe, head portion
  4. Again with step 3, edge first, with a direction
46
Q

Process of removing the burrs formed during honing and the cutting edge of the knife is polished

A

Stropping

47
Q

If the knee becomes blunt and dull, but is free from nicks or teeth, it is usually necessary to _____

A

stropping

48
Q

Procedure of Stropping

A
  1. Use a paddle strop, with good quality horse leather
  2. Toe to heel direction, around 40-120 double strokes are usually required
49
Q

Provide the Reason and Remedy for each fault:

Brittle or hard tissue

A

Reason: prolonged fixation, D, C, EM

Remedy: Soak tissue in bowl containing water with phenol

50
Q

Provide the Reason and Remedy for each fault:

Clearing agent turns milky

A

Reason: Incomplete dehydration

Remedy: Repeat dehydration with absolute alcohol then clear again

51
Q

Provide the Reason and Remedy for each fault:

On trimming wax appears crystalline

A

Reason: Contaminated wax

Remedy: Re-embed in freshly filtered wax

52
Q

Provide the Reason and Remedy for each fault:

Frozen tissue chips into fragments when cut

A

Reason: Tissue is frozen too hard

Remedy: Warm the tissue with the fingers

Histopathology (22 decks)

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