staging and grading Flashcards
explain the following grades:
- Gx
- G1
- G2
- G3
- G4
- Gx; grade cannot be assessed (undetermined)
- G1 well differentiated (low grade)
- G2 moderately differentiated (intermediate grade)
- G3 poorly differentiated (high grade)
- G4 undifferentiated (high grade)
in the TNM staging system what does the T mean, what does the N mean and what does the M mean
T = extend of tumor N = regional lymph node involvement M = distant metastases
what are the prefixers in the TNM system for before treatment, histopathological, pathologigal after pretreatment
cTNM
pTNM
ypTNM
what is the T grading in breast cancer
T1 <2cm
T2 >2cm, <5cm
T3 >5 cm
T4 extension to chest wall
what is the N grading in breast cancer
N1= axillary lymph node N2= clavicular lymph node
which N grading is used in lung cancer
N1 = bronchus lymph nodes N2 = mediastinum lymph nodes N3= lymph nodes around the clavicula
for what is the ann Arbor staging system used
lymphomas
for what is dukes classification used
colon cancer
for what is breslow scale and clarks level used
melanoma
for what is FIGO used
gynaecological tumours (cervix, vulva, endometrium
curative treatment
treatment aimed at cure
palliative treatment
treatment to alleviate symptoms, cure not inteded
best supportive care
treatment in terminal phase
adjuvant
treatment given after primary treatment
primary treatment
main treatment modality
