cancer etiology Flashcards
what is the peak incidence for cancer
after 60, between 60-69
how much alcohol is needed per day
80 g alcohol per day (8 glasses)
why is oestrogen a risk factor for cancer
oestrogen fuels the growth and division of cells. mainly breast and endometrial cancers arrise from oestrogen
why is obesity a risk factor for cancer
fatty tissue produces hormones like oestrogen and also causes inflammatory cytokines to arrise
why is sunlight a risk factor for cancer
it will cause a Thymine dimer to form
why is smoking a risk factor for cancer
it will cause chronic inflammation.
what signature in the DNA can you see in smoking
high number of C > A mutations
why is microbiome a risk factor for cancer
the less good microbiota you have the more pathogens can arrise
geographical societal differences hint to environmental factors in cancer. explain:
- why liver and cervix cancer is more common in developing countries
- why prostate cancer is more common in developed counteries
- cervix –> hepatitis B
- prostate –> old age
explain how HPV can cause cancer
Cancer causing types of HPV are HPV16 and HPV18. they produce HPV E6 and HPVE7 which inhibit p53, increase telomerase and thus cause increased cell proliferation, genomic instabillity and immortalization of cells
which what lymphoma is EBV associated
burkitt lymphoma –> higher rate in Afrika due to malaria
