haemopoiesis

Question 1

what are the main functions of blood and by which cells in the blood are these functions done

Answer 1

homeostasis - plasma
body supply - erythrocytes and palsma
waste collection - erythrocytes and plasma
defence - leukocytes
coagulation - thrombocytes

Question 2

what are characteristics of erythrocytes

Answer 2

• no nucleus
• red color
• oxygen transport
• fully differentiated

Question 3

what are the three types of granulocytes

Answer 3

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 4

what are granulocytes for

Answer 4

defense

Question 5

what are the three types of lymphocytes

Answer 5

B cells, T cells, NK cells

Question 6

what are characteristics of monocytes

Answer 6

phagocytisis, secretion of cytokines, antigen processing and presentation to T lymphocytes

Question 7

what are characterististics of thrombocytes

Answer 7

activate the coagulation cascade

Question 8

what is the normal value of thormbocytes

Answer 8

140-415

Question 9

by which aspects is a stem cell defined

Answer 9

self renewal
proliferation
differentiation

Question 10

omni potential stem cell

Answer 10

can differentiate into any type of cell

Question 11

pluri potential stem cell

Answer 11

can differentiate into more than one type of cell

Question 12

committed stem cell

Answer 12

can only differentiate into one type of cell

Question 13

symmetrical division

Answer 13

division in two of the same types

Question 14

asymmetrical division

Answer 14

division into one self renewal cell and one differentiated cell

Question 15

what is the main site of hematopoiesis after birth

Answer 15

bone marrow

Question 16

left shift

Answer 16

the presence of more immature forms of neutrophils in the blood due to increased production (e.g. during infection)

Question 17

where do erythrocytes develop

Answer 17

in the bone marrow

Question 18

where do lymphocytes develop

Answer 18

in the germinal center of the lymphoid organs

Question 19

to which MHC class does CD4 T cells present, and to which CD8 T cells

Answer 19

CD4 = II
CD8 = I

Question 20

what is formed by the fragmentation of megakarycytes

Answer 20

thrombocytes

Question 21

epo

Answer 21

reduces cycle inhibitors
increaes transcription of cyclins and anti apotptosis proteins (BCLXL)
kidneys make them

Question 22

G-CSF

Answer 22

stimulates production of granulocytes

made in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages.

Question 23

TPO

Answer 23

stimulation of platelet production
suports surivival and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells
liver

Question 24

what do you give with renal anaemia or myelodysplasia

Answer 24

EPO (darbepoetin, erythropoietin)

Question 25

what do you give with granulocytopenia or stem cell mobilisation

Answer 25

G-CSF (figrastrim, pegfilgrastim)

Question 26

what do you give with ITP

Answer 26

TPO (romiplostim, eltromopag)

Question 27

what is a wanted side effect of giving G-CSF

Answer 27

it causes release of cytokines (cathepsin G and elastase) which causes the stem cells to be able to leave the bone marrow

Question 28

normal value of Hb

Answer 28

m: 8.5-11

f; 7.5-10

Question 29

normal value of Ht

Answer 29

m: 40-50

f; 35-45

Question 30

normale value of Ery

Answer 30

m; 4.5-5.5

f; 4.0-5.0

Question 31

normal value of MCV

Answer 31

m; 80-100

f; 80-100