Stages of Learning Flashcards
What is a motor skill?
A function, which involves the precise movement if voluntary muscles with the intent to perform a specific act.
What is a motor programme?
A series of subroutines organised into the correct sequence to perform a movement.
What are the three stages of learning?
- Cognitive (Plan-formation)
- Associative (Fixation)
- Autonomous (Automatic)
Define the cognitive stage of learning
A novice grasps understanding and subroutines are explored by trial and error.
Give 4 characteristics of the cognitive stage.
- Have to think about the skills
- Many mistakes are made
- Movements may be uncoordinated and slow
- Motor programmes not yet formed
Define the associative stage of learning
When motor programmes are nearly developed and performance is smoother.
Give 4 characteristics of the associative stage
- Must continue to practise
- Making fewer mistakes
- Movements are smoother and more coordinated
- More kinaesthetic feedback
Define the autonomous stage of learning
Used by an expert when movement is detailed, automatic, and specific
Give 4 characteristics of the autonomous stage
- Movements are automatic/habitual
- Can detect and correct own errors
- Decisions are made quickly
- Good selective attention
Give a sporting example of a performer in the cognitive stage
A netball player learning to shoot and many movements may be jerky/uncoordinated, and may lack in power.
- Will require an appropriate demonstration
Give a sporting example of a performer in the associative stage
A hockey player may now be able to lift a hit/perform a tomahawk on goal
Give a sporting example of a performer in the autonomous stage
A tennis player is able to hit efficiently without thinking, and any errors made are corrected habitually.
