SS Test 10/31 Flashcards
What rivers are in Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
How was flooding in Mesopotamia characterized?
Unpredictable, they thought the gods were out to get them.
What are Sumerian city-states?
Powerful individual cities that prioritized their own interests over the country as a whole.
What is a ziggurat?
A tiered pyramid built in honor of gods.
How did geographic factors impact Mesopotamia?
Silt from flooding made the land fertile, but a lack of natural barriers led to invasions.
What is cuneiform?
The first written language.
What was Hammurabi’s Code?
The first universal code of law, known for its harsh penalties, based on the “eye for an eye” concept.
Who was Darius
A persian ruler known for his tolerance of other cultures.
What were the Royal Roads in Persia?
A network of 4,000 miles of roads for transporting goods and troops.
What is a satrap?
Provincial government. Divided the empire into sections that were ruled by governors loyal to the emperor
What was the Assyrian attitude towards war?
They strongly believed in war and victory.
What innovation did the Hittites bring?
They were the first to make iron weapons, replacing copper.
What significant contribution did the Phoenicians make?
They developed the phonetic alphabet with 22 letters.
How did the Nile River benefit Egypt?
It provided annual flooding that watered crops, but could also lead to damage.
What type of government was a theocracy?
A government ruled by religious leaders.
Name two major cities in the Indus River Valley.
Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.
What advanced feature did Indus cities have?
Organized city layouts with plumbing.
What were monsoon winds?
Seasonal winds that affected the climate and agriculture of the Indus Valley.
Describe Confucianism.
A philosophy based on five key relationships and respect for hierarchy. About passing on knowledge and being/having good role models
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
The belief that the emperor’s right to rule is granted by the gods and that he can be overthrown if he rules unjustly.
What was significant about the Qin Dynasty?
It unified China but was known for harsh legalism.
What major invention did the Han Dynasty contribute?
The invention of paper, which spread education.