Ancient Greece Flashcards
effect of the mountains:
- separated people geographically
- hard to travel over mountains
- mountains kept them from unifying
- led to separate isolated city states
- barrier to cultural diffusion and unity
- provides protection from invaders
similarities between city-states
language and religion
what is greece
peninsula and archipelago (chain of islands)
effect of greek geography
- few natural resources
- mountains cover 80% of greece so little opportunity for agriculture
- surrounded by water, helped with food and trade, became skilled ship builders and sailors
- trade = phoenician alphabet, became basis for latin
- trojan war, fought over trade routes
world’s largest empire
persia
marathon
open plain in greece, pheidippides ran a marathon to the city to report on the victory against persia
cause of persian war
ionian greeks rebel against persians because persians attacked them, sibling effect
effects of persian war
athens become dominant city state, golden age, creation of delian league
who does plato think should rule
philosopher kings, democracy looks good but it’s not a good idea and everyone shouldn’t be equal
effects of peloponnesian war
athens and sparta were weakened, empire is destroyed, democracy crumbled and macedonians gained power and it gave them the chance to fight and conquer greece
main philosophers
spa
socrates, plato, aristotle
cultural bridge
crete
parthenon
doric temple dedicated to the goddess athena
battle of thermopylae
300 spartans defend the pass against a barrage of persians
how much of greece is fertile
1/3 of the land
climate in greece
warm
athens is located on what sea
mediterranean sea (trade)
trojan wars
early greeks fight city of troy over control of trade routes
dark age of greece
opposite of golden age, peloponnesian war
homer
blind poet, iliad and odyssey
polis
city-state, surrounding area has their own government
monarchy
government ruled by one king, control is passed down through family
aristocracy
government ruled by a group of noble families rule an area (royalty)
oligarchy
government ruled by a group of citizens ruling together; usually get power by military strength or wealth
tyrant
cruel and oppressive ruler, one person rules for a short period of time to help maintain order
direct democracy
every citizen has a say in ruling the government (athens)
draco’s code
first written code of law in ancient greece
government in athens and sparta
athens - direct democracy
sparta - oligarchy
how old did all boys need to be to go to the military
7
helots
slaves from sparta, did everything other than military
persian wars
greek city states vs persia
delian league
cities joined together through economy and military in athens
peloponnesian league
sparta wants to prevent athens from gaining too much power
who fought and won peloponnesian war
fought between sparta and athens. sparta thought athens was getting too powerful but sparta won the war
pericles
leader of athens during golden age
three goals during golden age
- improves democracy - paid positions available in government
- increase the navy, make themselves the most powerful navy and protect seas
- beautify athens - spent a lot of money on arts and sculptures
what did socrates, plato, and aristotle try to do
understand the rules of nature and to question things and search for answers “an unexamined life is not worth living”
macedonia
north of greece, not as advanced, mostly farmers and goat herders, connection to greek culture
philip ii
king of macedonia, organized macedonia into a military force. organized greek city-states
alexander the great
king philip’s son, lead general in his fathers army, helped conquer greece
what was alexander the great’s childhood like
taught by aristotle, mother told him he was son of zeus
alexander the great’s rise to power
king at age of 20, led his troops into persia
alexander in battle with the persians
his soldiers were outnumbered by persians but greeks still beat them
alexander the great conquering egypt
made alexandria, welcomed as liberator and crowned pharoah
alexander crossing indus river
went beyond the known world
pythagoras
derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle
euclid
wrote the elements textbook that became the basis for modern geometry
archemides
physicist who applied principles of physics to make practical inventions (simple machines)
socrates
philosopher sentenced to death for his views
herodotus
the “father of history” in the western world
philosopher meaning
lover of wisdom
greek philosophers believed they could discover the laws of the universe through
reason and observation
aristotle analyzed all forms of government and favored rule by
a strong, virtuous rule
greek sculptors tried to show
people in their most perfect, graceful form
the first greek play grew out of
religious festivals to honor the gods
heliocentric
in the solar system, the sun, not the earth, is at the center
today doctors take an oath based on the ideas of
hippocrates
after conquering greece, philip ii dream was to
conquer the persian empire
when did alexander’s career as a conqueror come to a halt
when he died at 32
alexander’s most lasting achievement
the spread of greek culture
what did alexander encourage in his empires
blending of cultures
