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8th and 9th Grade > Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Ancient Greece Flashcards

1
Q

effect of the mountains:

A
  • separated people geographically
  • hard to travel over mountains
  • mountains kept them from unifying
  • led to separate isolated city states
  • barrier to cultural diffusion and unity
  • provides protection from invaders
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2
Q

similarities between city-states

A

language and religion

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3
Q

what is greece

A

peninsula and archipelago (chain of islands)

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4
Q

effect of greek geography

A
  • few natural resources
  • mountains cover 80% of greece so little opportunity for agriculture
  • surrounded by water, helped with food and trade, became skilled ship builders and sailors
  • trade = phoenician alphabet, became basis for latin
  • trojan war, fought over trade routes
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5
Q

world’s largest empire

A

persia

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6
Q

marathon

A

open plain in greece, pheidippides ran a marathon to the city to report on the victory against persia

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7
Q

cause of persian war

A

ionian greeks rebel against persians because persians attacked them, sibling effect

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8
Q

effects of persian war

A

athens become dominant city state, golden age, creation of delian league

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9
Q

who does plato think should rule

A

philosopher kings, democracy looks good but it’s not a good idea and everyone shouldn’t be equal

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10
Q

effects of peloponnesian war

A

athens and sparta were weakened, empire is destroyed, democracy crumbled and macedonians gained power and it gave them the chance to fight and conquer greece

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11
Q

main philosophers

A

spa

socrates, plato, aristotle

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12
Q

cultural bridge

A

crete

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13
Q

parthenon

A

doric temple dedicated to the goddess athena

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14
Q

battle of thermopylae

A

300 spartans defend the pass against a barrage of persians

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15
Q

how much of greece is fertile

A

1/3 of the land

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16
Q

climate in greece

A

warm

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17
Q

athens is located on what sea

A

mediterranean sea (trade)

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18
Q

trojan wars

A

early greeks fight city of troy over control of trade routes

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19
Q

dark age of greece

A

opposite of golden age, peloponnesian war

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20
Q

homer

A

blind poet, iliad and odyssey

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21
Q

polis

A

city-state, surrounding area has their own government

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22
Q

monarchy

A

government ruled by one king, control is passed down through family

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23
Q

aristocracy

A

government ruled by a group of noble families rule an area (royalty)

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24
Q

oligarchy

A

government ruled by a group of citizens ruling together; usually get power by military strength or wealth

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25
Q

tyrant

A

cruel and oppressive ruler, one person rules for a short period of time to help maintain order

26
Q

direct democracy

A

every citizen has a say in ruling the government (athens)

27
Q

draco’s code

A

first written code of law in ancient greece

28
Q

government in athens and sparta

A

athens - direct democracy
sparta - oligarchy

29
Q

how old did all boys need to be to go to the military

A

7

30
Q

helots

A

slaves from sparta, did everything other than military

31
Q

persian wars

A

greek city states vs persia

32
Q

delian league

A

cities joined together through economy and military in athens

33
Q

peloponnesian league

A

sparta wants to prevent athens from gaining too much power

34
Q

who fought and won peloponnesian war

A

fought between sparta and athens. sparta thought athens was getting too powerful but sparta won the war

35
Q

pericles

A

leader of athens during golden age

36
Q

three goals during golden age

A
  1. improves democracy - paid positions available in government
  2. increase the navy, make themselves the most powerful navy and protect seas
  3. beautify athens - spent a lot of money on arts and sculptures
37
Q

what did socrates, plato, and aristotle try to do

A

understand the rules of nature and to question things and search for answers “an unexamined life is not worth living”

38
Q

macedonia

A

north of greece, not as advanced, mostly farmers and goat herders, connection to greek culture

39
Q

philip ii

A

king of macedonia, organized macedonia into a military force. organized greek city-states

40
Q

alexander the great

A

king philip’s son, lead general in his fathers army, helped conquer greece

41
Q

what was alexander the great’s childhood like

A

taught by aristotle, mother told him he was son of zeus

42
Q

alexander the great’s rise to power

A

king at age of 20, led his troops into persia

43
Q

alexander in battle with the persians

A

his soldiers were outnumbered by persians but greeks still beat them

44
Q

alexander the great conquering egypt

A

made alexandria, welcomed as liberator and crowned pharoah

45
Q

alexander crossing indus river

A

went beyond the known world

46
Q

pythagoras

A

derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle

47
Q

euclid

A

wrote the elements textbook that became the basis for modern geometry

48
Q

archemides

A

physicist who applied principles of physics to make practical inventions (simple machines)

49
Q

socrates

A

philosopher sentenced to death for his views

50
Q

herodotus

A

the “father of history” in the western world

51
Q

philosopher meaning

A

lover of wisdom

52
Q

greek philosophers believed they could discover the laws of the universe through

A

reason and observation

53
Q

aristotle analyzed all forms of government and favored rule by

A

a strong, virtuous rule

54
Q

greek sculptors tried to show

A

people in their most perfect, graceful form

55
Q

the first greek play grew out of

A

religious festivals to honor the gods

56
Q

heliocentric

A

in the solar system, the sun, not the earth, is at the center

57
Q

today doctors take an oath based on the ideas of

A

hippocrates

58
Q

after conquering greece, philip ii dream was to

A

conquer the persian empire

59
Q

when did alexander’s career as a conqueror come to a halt

A

when he died at 32

60
Q

alexander’s most lasting achievement

A

the spread of greek culture

61
Q

what did alexander encourage in his empires

A

blending of cultures

8th and 9th Grade (32 decks)

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