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8th and 9th Grade > Ancient Rome > Flashcards

Ancient Rome Flashcards

1
Q

the land in italy is

A

a peninsula extending 750 miles long

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2
Q

ridge dividing italy from north to south

A

apennine mountain range

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3
Q

fertile farming area in northern italy

A

po river valley

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4
Q

region where rome is located

A

plain of latium

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5
Q

southern area of italy, fertile for farming

A

region of campania

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6
Q

river providing rome access to the sea

A

tiber river

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7
Q

body of water surrounding the italian peninsula

A

mediterranean sea

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8
Q

influential civilization controlling rome after 650 bc

A

etruscans

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9
Q

toga

A

traditional roman garment adopted from etruscans

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10
Q

system allowing some people full citizenship

A

roman confederation

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11
Q

the roman army borrowed

A

etruscans

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12
Q

rome engaged in battles for ___ years

A

200

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12
Q

etruscan influence

A

transformed rome from a village to city

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13
Q

livy

A

rome historian who wrote about cincinnatus

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14
Q

what did romans due after losses

A

rebuilt their armies, showing resilience

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15
Q

patricians

A

wealthy landowners, ruling class of rome

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16
Q

plebians

A

commoners, and less wealthy people including farmers, merchants and craftspeople, fewer rights

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17
Q

praetors

A

officials in charge of civil law and justice, later expanded to non citizens

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18
Q

who is in the roman senate

A

a select group of about 300 patricians serving for life

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19
Q

council of the plebs

A

council that allowed plebeians to pass laws and elect their own officials called tribunes

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20
Q

conflict between patricians and plebeians for equality

A

struggle of the orders

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21
Q

first written code of laws

A

twelve tables

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22
Q

_____ could hold office; _____ could vote

A

patricians
both

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22
Q

natural law

A

universal law based on reason and justice

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23
Q

civil law

A

legal system applied only to roman citizens

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24
Q

first punic war fought over

A

conflict of sicily

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25
Q

hannibal

A

carthaginian general, led the second punic war, known for crossing the alps with 46,000 men and 37 elephants

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26
Q

battle of cannae

A

roman suffered a major defeat with 40,000 people killed, but eventually recovered

27
Q

why were the twelve tables written

A

to ensure fairer treatment of both patricians and plebeians

stated the rights, laws duties of the roman citizens

28
Q

cincinnatus

A

a roman farmer who became a temporary ruler to save rome

29
Q

wars fought between rome and carthage

A

the punic wars

30
Q

what happened in the third punic war

A

rome completely destroyed carthage, selling its inhabitants into slavery and taking over its territory as a province

31
Q

type of government in rome

A

representative, 3 branches, checks and balances

31
Q

big fear in rome

A

tyranny

32
Q

conquered people are expected to

A

follow roman law, pay taxes

33
Q

cause of rivalry with carthage and rome

A

mediterranean sea

34
Q

golden age

A

pax romana

35
Q

emperor augustus

A

the emperor during pax romana

36
Q

the apennines’ impact on development

A

less rugged, leading to fewer isolated communities

37
Q

effect of more farmable land than greece

A

supported a larger population

38
Q

how was rome’s location on the tiber river strategic

A

close to the sea for trade but far enough inland to avoid pirate attacks.

39
Q

what made rome easy to defend

A

the seven hills of rome

40
Q

what did romans do to the etruscan king

A

they overthrew him and established a roman republic where leaders were elected

41
Q

what was the roman military like

A

brave soldiers, persistent,

strategic colonies - built fortified towns and roads to connect them, enabling quick troop movement.

42
Q

tribunes

A

officials that council of the plebs elected which empowered them politically and socially against the patrician class.

43
Q

battle of zama

A

rome defeated hannibal, and spain became a roman province

44
Q

tiberius and gaius gracchus

A

tried to address the crisis of landless poor by proposing land reforms to redistribute land from wealthy landowners to the landless.

they got killed

45
Q

general marius

A

recruited soldiers from the urban and rural poor, promising them land in exchange for military service.

46
Q

sulla

A
  • carried out a reign of terror, purging his enemies, and restored power to the Senate.
  • sulla’s use of the army to seize power set a dangerous precedent for future leaders.
47
Q

who formed the first triumvirate

A

crassus, pompey, and julius caesar

48
Q

first triumvirate

A

an alliance to dominate roman politics

49
Q

what did the senate do because of their fear of caesar’s growing power

A

assassinated him

50
Q

what did caesar introduce after being named dictator for life

A

he introduced reforms, including land redistribution, expanding the senate, and implementing the solar calendar

51
Q

why was the second triumvirate formed

A

after caesars death to avenge caesar and divide power

52
Q

who formed the second triumvirate

A

octavian, antony, and lepidus

53
Q

roman and greek culture blended creating

A

greco-roman civilizations

54
Q

triumvirate

A

a government led by three rulers with equal power.

55
Q

legion

A

a roman military unit consisting of about 5,000 soldiers.

56
Q

latifundia

A

large estates that dominated farming in the roman empire, often worked by slaves.

57
Q

roman values

A
  • family/who you came from
  • pride
  • power + control
58
Q

peninsula

A

piece of land surrounded by water on three sides

59
Q

how much of the population was slaves

A

1/3

60
Q

what are the three social groups

A

patricians, plebeians, slaves

61
Q

non-romans who lived under their rule

A

subjects

62
Q

who did romans look down on

A

everyone because they were always winning

63
Q

roman religion

A

polytheistic

64
Q

freedmen

A

former slaves, not citizens

65
Q

roman provinces

A

territories controlled by rome outside italy

66
Q

first roman province acquired after the first punic war

A

sicily

8th and 9th Grade (37 decks)

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