The Middle Ages + Feudalism Flashcards
age of faith
christianity was an important part of europe
what happened to the roman empire
it fell apart
________ is the only thing holding them together
christianity
disruption of ______
trade
the roman army is no longer
there to protect borders, invaders came in from the east, disrupting trade
what happens to money
it becomes less important
what were the invaders like
not as advanced as romans, not being able to administer the cities, leading to a decline in population
what led to a decline in learning
the germanic people didn’t have a written language so they didn’t embrace the learning culture of the romans
where were young people more important
more important in the fields than in the classroom
what happened to the language
there was a loss of a common language
what led to the loss of a common language
as the germanic people mixed with the romans, the latin language began to change and french, spanish and italian had emerged by 800
over time, the roman states are replaced by
germanic kingdoms, the government changes
what was the german government based on
family ties, personal loyalty, completely different than the ideas of laws in rome
gaul and the franks emerged and took control, with their leader ________
clovis
clovis, leader of the franks fears
defeat against the rival army, he prays to the christian god for help and is victorious
what do clovis and his men do because they are victorious
he and his men are baptized by the bishop
how did clovis being christian affect the people
they began to convert
why did the church send out missionaries
to spread the religion
pope
the leader of the catholic church
who does the pope believe he is responsible for
all christians
why does the pope think he’s more important than every king
because he makes sure every christian. has the chance to go to heaven since he has direct contact with god
clovis created the _______, which covered most of france
merovingian dynasty
by 700 the dynasty was ruled by
the major domo
who was the major domo
mayor of the palace, who was in charge of all aspects of the kingdom
who was the major domo in 732
charles “the hammer” martel
what did charles martel do
expanded the kingdom, defeated the muslim army at the battle of tours, halting muslim expansion in western europe
charles martels son
repin the short
what did repin the short do
worked with the church to gain more power
what was repin the short anointed by the pope as
king by the grace as god
charlegmane
greatest leader of the franks
charlemagne promoted
learning
what does the pope crown charlemagne
crowns him the emperor, (more significant than king)
who does charlemagne pass his power to
his son, louis the pious
what happens when charlemagne passes power to his son
the empire falls epart
what does louis the pious do to the empire
divides it up
what happens to the many divided areas of western europe
vikings, magyars, and muslims invade, steal goods from, kill, and destroy them
feudalism
a social system that existed in europe during the middle ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return
feudal obligation pyramid
- church/pope/god
- kings/monarchs
- nobility/lords
- knights and vassals
- serfs and peasants
serfs
peasants on a manor, bound to the land but couldn’t be bought and sold like slaves
many nobles began training in boyhood for a future occupation as a
knight, or mounted warrior
what are the 4 parts of a manor
arable land, meadow land, waste land, and the village
why was chess developed in the middle ages
developed by noble families to reinforce the social pyramid
in chess, no matter what happens you must _________
protect the king
benedictine rule
rules for monasteries and monks
papal supremacy
popes saying they have power over the church + rulers
canon law
the laws of the church
excommunication
people getting banished from the church when not obeying laws
interdict
stopped people from getting church privileges
a parish priest’s duties included
administering sacraments and helping the needy
monks in monasteries worked as
farmers, missionaries, and scholars
the role of popes in the middle ages
spiritual leaders who also exercised secular power
st francis of assisi and st dominic founded
orders of friars
who did the kings and upper lord take to teach how to become a knight
the lower lords’ oldest son
what age do you become a knight
21
what do knights have to swear to do
protect the king and stay loyal
what is the job of noble women
get married
can younger siblings be a knight?
sometimes they were, but they wouldn’t get all the things the oldest would get
what class was the knights
nobles
what did the knights do
their full time job was learning how to use weapons, no reading and writing
describe the knights
wealthy, had horses, swords, battle axes
why are blacksmiths important
they can give people an edge
what was the purpose of war games
- practice
- form of entertainment for peasants (bread + circuses)
- won money; expanded noble name
code of chivalry
unwritten code that shaped how knights acted
when couldn’t knights fight
holy days
the castle
the center of the manor and the knights world
castles were meant to _______
keep people out
how did women need to be treated at all times
protected, looked at, taken care of, worshipped
noble women were seen as perfect, but why were they “stuck”
it became almost impossible for them to do anything because they were stuck on a pedestal
what were the 3 paths women could take
- get married and have a family
- become a nun
- be a prostitute
knights are given land in return for
the loyalty to whoever they swore to
how long is one pope for
lifetime, voice of god on earth
cardinal
bishops who elect pope, very political, has great power
bishops
in charge of an area, advisor to the king, and maintains the churches in his area. also has great power
clergy/priest
runs a local parish in town. seen as the “face of the church.” also collects tithe from serfs
monks
priests who live in a monastery as a group, takes vows of poverty. hand copies manuscripts and bibles
