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Sprits Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Two types of distillation and describe them

A

Pot still
Continuos still

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2
Q

At what temperature does alchol evaporate

A

78c

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3
Q

What is gin produced from

A

Wheat
Barley
Grain
Maize
Rye

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4
Q

What botanicals are used in gin production

A

Juniper lemon
Orange
Liquor ice

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5
Q

Describe London dry gin

A

Driest of all gins

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6
Q

How is Plymouth gin compared to London gin

Where can it be produced

A

Less crisp

Only in Plymouth as it has a PGI

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7
Q

What is sloe gin

A

Liqueur - it is a sweetened flavored spirit made by steeping sloes in gin with sugar

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8
Q

How is old Tom gin

A

Softer than London and play mouth

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9
Q

Where does the name gin come from

A

The name derives from juniper berries which in Dutch is ‘juniper-genievre’

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10
Q

What is vodka produced from

A

Rye
Grain

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11
Q

Where is vodka originally from

A

Russia and Poland

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12
Q

What is the distillation method of vodka

A

Continuous still

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13
Q

What material are the filter used to produce vodka

A

Charcoal

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14
Q

Most common flavors of vodka

A

Lemon
Vanilla
Orange
Rasberry

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15
Q

3 main ingredients of whiskey

A

Malted barley
Water
Yeast

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16
Q

Other cereals we can find in whiskey

A

Barley
Rye
Maize (mais)

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17
Q

Where is scotch whiskey from

A

Scotland

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18
Q

What are the four types of scotch

A

Single malt
Single grain
Vatted malt
Blended

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19
Q

Define batted malt whiskey (blended scotch whisky)

A

Blend of malts that come from one or different distilleries

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20
Q

Blended (grain scotch) whisky

A

Blend of malt and grain whiskey from different distilleries

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21
Q

Define single malt whiskey

A

‘Single’ refers to the fact the whisky was a blend (it is always a blend) made only in ONE distillery

It is not the blend of whiskeys that come from several distilleries

It comes from malted barley and it is double distilled

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22
Q

5 regions of scotch whisky

A

Highland
Lowland
Islands
Campbeltown
Islay

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23
Q

Describe highland whiskey

A

80% cows from here
Light, floral, lightly smoky, fully flavoured

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24
Q

Most important producer in the highlands

A

The Macallan

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25
Q

Describe the scotch from the islands

A

They have peat flavor, salty seaweed aromas and they are the most pungent (together with islay)

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26
Q

Name one island part of the island region

A

Skye

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27
Q

One producer from the islands

A

Talisker from skye

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28
Q

Describe islay whiskey

A

Strong pit aromas, very smoky

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29
Q

Name one producer from islay

A

Laphroaig

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30
Q

Describe whisky’s from lowlands

A

Lighter and softer than highlands
Sweeter taste

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31
Q

Minimum aging in oak for scotch

A

Three years

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32
Q

What kind of oak is used to age scotch

A

Sherry or burbon casks

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33
Q

Irish whiskey main ingredient

A

Malted and I malted barley + grains

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34
Q

Difference between Irish and Scottish whiskey

A

In Irish whisky Germination is stopped by heating the grains in a closed kiln instead of over a pit fire like in Scotland

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35
Q

Which is the only Irish PEATED single malt whisky in Ireland?

A

Connemara

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36
Q

What is the correct spelling for scotch compared to other whisky

A

Scotland - whisky
Us and Ireland - whiskey

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37
Q

Types of Irish whiskeys 4

A

Irish blend
Single malt Irish
Single grain Irish
Single pot still

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38
Q

American whiskeys types 4

A

Rye whiskey
Bourbon whiskey
Tennessee whiskey
Corn whiskey

39
Q

Two more types of whiskey different from amarican

A

Canadian whiskey and Japanese whiskey

40
Q

Requirements for rye whiskey (grain and aging)

Where is it mainly produced and method of distillation

A

Min 51% rye
Aging min 2y

Maryland and Pennsylvania

Continuous still

41
Q

Bourbon whiskey requirements

Where is it produced the most and method of distillation

A

Min 51% corn/maize

Min aging of 2y (if aged less than 4 years the label must carry and age statement)

Kentucky

Continuous still

42
Q

Corn whiskey requirements

A

Min 80% corn/maize

43
Q

Tennessee whiskey requirements

A

Min 51% corn

44
Q

What is the difference between bourbon and tennesse whiskey

A

Tennessee one is filtered through maple charcoal

45
Q

Particularity about Canadian (rye) whiskeys

Min aging

A

Even-though it’s written rye, there is no legal requirement of a min % or to contain it at all

3 years

46
Q

Japanese whiskey: ingredients

A

Corn/maze
Millet (miglio)
Rice
(They also import barley from Scotland)

47
Q

Blending Japanese whiskey with other spirits is possible?

A

They can blend up to 10% with other neutral spirit and still sell it ans whiskey. But not abroad

Japan can import spirits, bottle them in Japan and sell it worldwide as Japanese

48
Q

In what part of the world is rum produces

A

West Indies: North America/outside Mexico coast + India, Indonesia and so much more

49
Q

Main two types of rum

A

Light and dark

50
Q

What is rum main ingredient

A

Sugar cane fermented molasses or juice

51
Q

Why is caramel used in rum production

A

To make it darker

52
Q

What’s the min aging of rum in oak

A

3 years

53
Q

Varieties of rum

A

Light, white, silver
Damerara rum
Dark or black rum
Golden rum
Spiced rum

54
Q

Where is light/silver rum originally from
Type of distillation
Type of maturation

A

Cuba
Continuos still
One year in glass/stainless steel/uncharred oak + filtered through charcoal to remove colour

55
Q

Demerara rum where is it from
How long is maturation

A

Guyana (takes the name from the river demerara)

3y aging

56
Q

Dark or black rum: where is it from
Aging

A

Jamaica
5-7y aging

57
Q

Where does golden rum gets its colour from

A

The oak maturation

58
Q

Where can brandy be produced

A

Wherever wine is produced because it’s the distillation of wine

59
Q

What is the abv of eau de vie and a brandy cannot go over according to the eu laws

A

EAU de vie: 86%
Brandy: 94.8%

60
Q

Minimum aging of brandy

A

Two years

61
Q

6 subregions of cognac

A

Grande champagne
Petite champagne
Borderies
Fins bois
Bons bois
Bois ordinaire
Bois a terroir

62
Q

Where is the best soil to produce cognac and what type of soil is it

A

Grande champagne
Chalk rich in calcium

63
Q

3 grapes for the production of cognac + others

A

St. Emilion (Ugni blanc)
Folle blanche
Colombard

Sémillon
Jurançon blanc

64
Q

What machine is used to distillate cognac

A

Charentais still - copper pot stills

65
Q

By what date the distillation of cognac has to be completed

A

31st of March

66
Q

What’s the min maturation for cognac

A

3 years

67
Q

What is the angel’s share

A

The amount of liquid/cognac (2-3%) that evaporates from the barrel yearly during aging

68
Q

What is another world for blending

A

Marriage

69
Q

Is cognac a product of blending

A

It is, before bottling different EAU de vie are blended together. All from the same distillery

There is non blended cognac

70
Q

Where do we find the best cognacs and where do the grapes grown

A

Best one come from grande champagne and grande fine champagne

Grapes come from the grande champagne region

71
Q

Fine champagne cognac: where do the grapes used come from and what’s the min percentage

A

Grande and petite champagne
Min 50% must come from grande champagne

72
Q

What does 3 stars (***) and VS Cognac mean

A

Min 2 years in oak (3 in the Uk)

73
Q

VSOP (very special/superior old pale)
Reserve
Vieux
Rare
Royal
Cognac

Min aging

A

4 years in oak

74
Q

Napoleon
Tres Vieux
Tres vieille reserve
Heritage
Tres rare
Exellance
Supreme

Min aging

A

6 years

75
Q

XO
Extra
Hors d’age
Extra
Ancestral
Extra old
Imperial

Min aging

A

10 years

76
Q

XXO what does it stands for and min aging

A

Extra extra old
Min 14 years in oak

77
Q

Make an example of an Armagnac

A

Baron de sigognac

78
Q

Sub’regions of the Armagnac region

A

Bas Armagnac
Haut Armagnac
Tenereze

79
Q

Main grapes for the production of Armagnac

A

St. Emillon (Ugni blanc)
Folle Blanche
Baco Blanc

Colombard
Jurançon blanc
Mayzac blanc

80
Q

Armagnac *** meaning

A

1-3 years aging

Must be 3 in the uk

81
Q

Armagnac
VSOP

A

4-9 years

82
Q

Armagnac napoleon

A

6-9 years

83
Q

Armagnac XO

A

min 10 years

84
Q

Armagnac
Tres vieille reserve, hors’ d’age, vintage vielle relique

A

Min 10 years

85
Q

Armagnac with age indication: what ages?

A

10
15
20 years old

86
Q

Can Armagnac be sold under only one grape variety?

A

Yes

87
Q

What is eau-de-vin

A

Grape brandy

88
Q

What is Marc brandy and give an example of a Marc

A

Fermentation of the juice obtained from pressing skins, pips and stalks of grape

Marc de Bourgogne

89
Q

Marc de Champagne

A

Only produced by one company and matured in oak, then sold by most important champagne wineries

90
Q

What’s the max abv at which Marc/pomace can be distilled according to the eu regulations

A

86%

91
Q

Give an example of an Italian Marc

A

Grappa

92
Q

What’s the main difference between grappa and other Marcs in the method of production

A

Grappa uses steam, others use boiling water

93
Q

How many grape varieties are used to produce grappa and where is it kept after production

A

Only one variety
In glass instead of oak

94
Q

What does invecchiata and stravecchia mean

A

Aged and extra maturation

Both in oak

CMS (36 decks)

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