sport spectators Flashcards
indirect vs direct influence
indirect- subtle & theoretical impact
direct- noticeable impact on performance
home advantages in sports what does it do?
when the team performs better in their home venue to away games.
Research shows that home teams benefit from crowd support, familiarity with the venue, and reduced travel fatigue.
What does Kelman’s modelled social influence. 3 types of social influence.
compliance-Changing behavior to meet audience expectations or avoid disapproval
identification- Performing better when identifying with or wanting approval from the audience.
internalization- Long-term behavior change aligned with personal beliefs or values, often seen when an athlete believes in performing well for their home crowd.
what does Latanes theory of social impact propose? (3 factors)) (SIN)
1.strength- The significance or power of the audience, such as their status (e.g., experts, friends, or fans).
2.Immediacy (I): How close the audience is to the athlete, both in physical space and time (e.g., live stadium spectators vs. remote viewers).
3. Number (N): The size of the audience—the more people present, the stronger the social impact, though with diminishing returns as crowd size increases.
Influence of passive spectators. Social facilitation refers to how an individuals performance is….
Social facilitation refers to how an individual’s performance is influenced by the presence of passive spectators or co-actors.
what is Seminal studies on social facilitation (moede 1920)
performance often improved in the presence of passive spectators
what is social inhibition?
performance suffers in more complex or stressful tasks
Aplorts explanation: Social facilitation and rivalry (Floyd applort 1924) rivalry vs facilitation
Rivalry- Competition with co-actors increases effort and performance
Facilitation- Mere presence of spectators enhances performance.
Salons Integrated activation theory (1965)
explained the conflicting results in earlier studies by distinguishing between…..
Simple well-learned tasks- Performance improved in the presence of others (social facilitation).
Complex, novel tasks: Performance worsened in the presence of others (social inhibition
Evaluation apprehension theory (Cottrell, 1968) what is it?
performance is affected by the fear of being judged by the spectators
what is the distraction-conflict hypothesis?
spectators presence can distract the performer creating an attention conflict between the task and the audience
Biopsychosocial model of social facilitation (Blascovich 1996)
model integrates physiological, cognitive, and emotional processes
