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KIN 170 > Chronic Disease > Flashcards

Chronic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chronic Disease?

A

Diseases of long duration & slow progression

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2
Q

Leading cause of mortality globally __% of deaths

A

74%

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3
Q

There are 4 major diseases

A

CVDn(17.7m)
Cancers(8.8)
Chronic respiratory disease(3.9)
diabetes (1.6)

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4
Q

what are some Primary risk factors

A

-smoking
-PinA
-Obesity
-unhealthy diet
-high blood pressure
-high cholesterol
-high blood glucose

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5
Q

what is CVD

A

collective term for disease of heart & blood vessels

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6
Q

what is a Indirect cost of CVD

A

long term disability, premature death, short term disability

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7
Q

what s a direct cost of CVD

A

hospital care, drug cost, physician care

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8
Q

what is the Cardiovascular system?

A

system that circulates blood through the body: the heart + blood vessels

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9
Q

What is Blood pressure?

A

force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels, created by the pumping heart

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10
Q

what is a systole?

A

when the heart contracts (beats)

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11
Q

what is Diastole?

A

when the heart relaxes between beats

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12
Q

what is normal BP?

A

120/80mm/hg

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13
Q

what is high blood pressure?

A

80-89 mm/hg

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14
Q

blood pressure is know as the “silent killer” because…

A

there are no symptoms of high blood pressure

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15
Q

Major forms of CVD (1)

A

Atherosclerosis, thickening & hardening of arteries, narrowed by deposits of fat, cholesterol, other substances

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16
Q

Major forms of CVD (2)

A

Heart disease & heart attack
CHD, most common form, caused by atherosclerosis

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17
Q

what is Angina?

A

partial blockage of coronary artery (chest pain)

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18
Q

what is MI?

A

complete blockage of coronary artery (leads to a heart attack)

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

A

-chest pain
-arm, neck, shoulder, back or jaw pain
-difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
-excessive sweating; cool, clammy skin
-nausea & Vomiting
-loss of consciousness
-fear, anxiety, denial

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20
Q

Major forms of CVD (3)

A

Stroke
2million brain cells die per minute; brain ages 3.5 years each hour

21
Q

what is a Ishemic stroke?

A

blood clot forms in a cerebral artery or blood clot carried in the blood stream that becomes wedged in cerebral artery

22
Q

what is a Hemorrhagic stoke?

A

blood vessels in brain bursts, spilling blood into surrounding tissue

23
Q

what are stroke symptoms?

A

-suddenly numbness/ weakness of face, arm leg usually 1 side of body
-sudden confusion, trouble speaking, Understanding
-sudden trouble of seeing
-sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
-sudden severe headache

24
Q

What bystanders S.T.R stand for when someone has a stroke

A

S- smile
T-talk
R- raise arms

25
Q

Major forms of CVD (4)

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease
atherosclerosis in the leg or arm

26
Q

What is PAD claudication?

A

Aching or fatigue leg with exertion

27
Q

what is Rest pain with PAD

A

more severe stage, artery significantly narrowed or completely blocked

28
Q

Major forms of CVD (5)

A

Congestive heart failure
caused by hypertension, atherosclerosis, CHD, MI, diabetes

29
Q

What are the major forms of CVD

A
  1. Atherosclerosis
  2. heart disease & heart attack
  3. Stroke
    4.Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
  4. Congestive Heart failure
30
Q

MAJOR Modifiable risk factors what are they?

A
  1. smoking
  2. Hypertension
  3. high cholesterol
  4. PinA
  5. Obesity
  6. Diabetes
31
Q

Smoking __% of smoking related deaths are due to CVD

A

30%

32
Q

what does MAJOR modifiable risk factors mean?

A

means its an independent risk factor

33
Q

how does smoking harm cardiovascular system?

A

smoking damages the endothelium the inner lining of our arteries reduces HDL and increases our LDL.

34
Q

Why is hypertension known as the “silent killer”?

A

because it has no symptoms with it

35
Q

what is the cause of Hypertension

A

incresed output of blood from heart, increased resistance to blood flow from arteries

36
Q

How to prevent Lifestyle modification?

A

increasing fibre, reducing sat+ trans fat, PA, weight loss, quit smoking

37
Q

What does high cholesterol do?

A

when cholesterol not used it is spills out and collects on artery walls

38
Q

does dietary cholesterol have an impaction blood cholesterol?

A

no it does not

39
Q

Cool carried in blood on Lipoprotiens, what does LDL do?

A

carries cool from liver to tissue, too much= bad

40
Q

what does HDL do to chol?

A

Carries unused chol back to liver for recycling =good

41
Q

What does PA do?

A

reduces BP& HR increases HDL helps maintain healthy weight, improves condition of blood vessels, prevents/ controls diabetes

42
Q

Obesity what is it a risk of?

A

CVD

43
Q

excessive body fat increases what?

A

hypertension, high chol, insulin resistance, diabetes

44
Q

DIABETES what is it?

A

elevated blood glucose, due to insufficient insulin or inadequate action of insulin

45
Q

type 2 diabetes is in theory___

A

is preventable

46
Q

What are modifiable contributing risk factors?

A

High triglycerides
physiological & social factors
Alcohol
Inflammation

47
Q

hat are Non- modifiable risk factors

A

heredity
age
being male
ethnicity

48
Q

how to prevent these things?

A

diet
exercise
avoid tobacco
know your BP
know CHOL levels
effective coping & stress management

KIN 170 (21 decks)

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