Obesity Flashcards
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Where does E- Intake and
E-Expenditure come from?
E-Intake- comes from food
E-Expenditure- PA, Digestion, Metabolism, sleeping
TEF what does it stand for
T- Thermic
E- effect
F- food
Fat cell # set by age _ except for pregnancy?
Fat cell # set baby age 20 except for pregnancy
Pathophysiology
Critical times for Increase in fat cell #: late childhood/ early puberty & 3rd trimester of pregnancy
Measurement
BMI (kg/m squared) subcutaneous & total body fatness + risk of disease & early mortality
Underweight %?
15% or more below ideal BW
Potential Health Problems to be underweight
Respiratory conditions,
reduced fertility
Immune suppression
nutrient deficiencies
Currently about __ % of Canadian adults (age 18-79) are living with overweight?obesity
Currently about 62 % of Canadian adults (age 18-79) are living with overweight?obesity
BMI less than __ kg/m square
BMI less than 18.5 kg/m squared
What is Subcutaneous fat
Fat located just beneath the skin
What is visceral fat?
located in the abdominal cavity surrounding & protecting organs can lead to CVD
what is Eptopic fat
located on or in organs like the heart liver, brain
BMI Normal weight?
18.5- 24.9kg/m2
Thresholds vary based on…..
Outcome, sex and Ethnicity
WC cut of off for men
> 102 cm men
WC cutoffs for women
> 88 cm women
Body composition
- subcutaneous fat
- Visceral fat
- Ectopic fat
-Intermuscular fat
Other ways to measure body composition (1)
- Hydrostatic (underwater)-assess the body volume by the water displacement to calculate body density. muscle are dense so they sink, where fat is not so dense so it floats
Other ways to measure body composition (2)
Dexa- BODY Absorption of 2 different x-ray beams, bone mineral, other fat free mass have different absorption properties (we have this at the U of R)
Other ways to measure body composition. (3)
Air displacement- its a BODYPOD - similar to the underwater weighing but more variable that can affect results
Other ways to measure body composition (4)
Bioelectrical Impedance analysis_ Fat free mass contains mostly water (electricity conductor) vs fat mass contains not a lot of water
Other ways to measure body composition (5)
SKIN FOLD- YOU DID THIS I HIGH SCHOOL. Calipers used to measure at 3-9 sites, summed & age-based equation used for prediction of body density, subcutaneous fat
Obesity based on total % body fat for women (normal)
20-33% normal
Obesity based on total % body fat for men (normal)
12-20% normal
Essential body fat for women %
8-12%
essential body fat for men %
3-5%
what is essential body fat?
needed for normal functioning of brain, liver, glands, hormones, energy and temp reg
what is non-essential body fat?
storage fat, fat under skin, and around organs
What is “ Adiposity Rebound”? on the chart
can predict age 4-6 obesity in adulthood
Prevalence of Obesity world wide by age and sex
- loss of muscle mass with age
- selective survival
- disease
Excess body fat + health
Over __% of deaths are from obesity related chronic disease
50%
Overweight and Obesity risk of death from all causes…..
type 2 diabetes (60%)
CVD (20%)
HYPERTENSION (20%)
SOME CANCERS (10-30%)
OBESITY is both a __ and __ risk factor for chronic disease
direct & indirect
