Obesity

Question 1

1st Law of Thermodynamics
Where does E- Intake and
E-Expenditure come from?

Answer 1

E-Intake- comes from food
E-Expenditure- PA, Digestion, Metabolism, sleeping

Question 2

TEF what does it stand for

Answer 2

T- Thermic
E- effect
F- food

Question 3

Fat cell # set by age _ except for pregnancy?

Answer 3

Fat cell # set baby age 20 except for pregnancy

Question 4

Pathophysiology

Answer 4

Critical times for Increase in fat cell #: late childhood/ early puberty & 3rd trimester of pregnancy

Question 5

Measurement

Answer 5

BMI (kg/m squared) subcutaneous & total body fatness + risk of disease & early mortality

Question 6

Underweight %?

Answer 6

15% or more below ideal BW

Question 7

Potential Health Problems to be underweight

Answer 7

Respiratory conditions,
reduced fertility
Immune suppression
nutrient deficiencies

Question 8

Currently about __ % of Canadian adults (age 18-79) are living with overweight?obesity

Answer 8

Currently about 62 % of Canadian adults (age 18-79) are living with overweight?obesity

Question 9

BMI less than __ kg/m square

Answer 9

BMI less than 18.5 kg/m squared

Question 10

What is Subcutaneous fat

Answer 10

Fat located just beneath the skin

Question 11

What is visceral fat?

Answer 11

located in the abdominal cavity surrounding & protecting organs can lead to CVD

Question 12

what is Eptopic fat

Answer 12

located on or in organs like the heart liver, brain

Question 13

BMI Normal weight?

Answer 13

18.5- 24.9kg/m2

Question 14

Thresholds vary based on…..

Answer 14

Outcome, sex and Ethnicity

Question 15

WC cut of off for men

Answer 15

> 102 cm men

Question 16

WC cutoffs for women

Answer 16

> 88 cm women

Question 17

Body composition

Answer 17

• subcutaneous fat
• Visceral fat
• Ectopic fat
  -Intermuscular fat

Question 18

Other ways to measure body composition (1)

Answer 18

1. Hydrostatic (underwater)-assess the body volume by the water displacement to calculate body density. muscle are dense so they sink, where fat is not so dense so it floats

Question 19

Other ways to measure body composition (2)

Answer 19

Dexa- BODY Absorption of 2 different x-ray beams, bone mineral, other fat free mass have different absorption properties (we have this at the U of R)

Question 20

Other ways to measure body composition. (3)

Answer 20

Air displacement- its a BODYPOD - similar to the underwater weighing but more variable that can affect results

Question 21

Other ways to measure body composition (4)

Answer 21

Bioelectrical Impedance analysis_ Fat free mass contains mostly water (electricity conductor) vs fat mass contains not a lot of water

Question 22

Other ways to measure body composition (5)

Answer 22

SKIN FOLD- YOU DID THIS I HIGH SCHOOL. Calipers used to measure at 3-9 sites, summed & age-based equation used for prediction of body density, subcutaneous fat

Question 23

Obesity based on total % body fat for women (normal)

Answer 23

20-33% normal

Question 24

Obesity based on total % body fat for men (normal)

Answer 24

12-20% normal

Question 25

Essential body fat for women %

Answer 25

8-12%

Question 26

essential body fat for men %

Answer 26

3-5%

Question 27

what is essential body fat?

Answer 27

needed for normal functioning of brain, liver, glands, hormones, energy and temp reg

Question 28

what is non-essential body fat?

Answer 28

storage fat, fat under skin, and around organs

Question 29

What is “ Adiposity Rebound”? on the chart

Answer 29

can predict age 4-6 obesity in adulthood

Question 30

Prevalence of Obesity world wide by age and sex

Answer 30

1. loss of muscle mass with age
2. selective survival
3. disease

Question 31

Excess body fat + health
Over __% of deaths are from obesity related chronic disease

Answer 31

50%

Question 32

Overweight and Obesity risk of death from all causes…..

Answer 32

type 2 diabetes (60%)
CVD (20%)
HYPERTENSION (20%)
SOME CANCERS (10-30%)

Question 33

OBESITY is both a __ and __ risk factor for chronic disease

Answer 33

direct & indirect