Groups Flashcards
what is group?
the group is two or more people interacted directly, are aware of their interdepdependence, and work together to achieve a shared goal
What is the 7 characteristics of a group (Johnson & Johnson)
1.two or more people who perceive themselves as members
- Directed interaction between members
- structured interaction through
4.members are interdependent
5.members influence each other
6.group members share a common goal
7.membership satisfied a personal need for belonging or achievement
what is Not a group?
aggregate-(artificial or unorganized)-formed on the basis of a common property or attending to a common stimuli or cause (audience, or crowd)
what is a team?
a team is a specific type of group, where members not only work together but also share a common goal and depend on each other’s success for the achievement of that goal
difference between team and group.
team- a group that is organized, with defined roles, interdependence, and a clear objective
group- a collection of individuals who may not work collaboratively or share a common goal
What is group dynamics?
a field of inquiry in social psychology focused on understanding the nature of groups, their development, and their relationships with individuals and larger institutions
what is group composition?
the individuals within a group affect how the group behaves and performs
Steiners Model of group effectiveness
actual productivity=potential productivity–process losses
Steiners productivity
what is potential productivity?
the best possible performance based on group resources
Steiners model
what is process losses
inefficiencies that reduce performance, such as poor coordination or reduced motivation
what is group effectiveness
groups effectiveness is determined by the balance between group resources and process losses
what are the 4 types of gross task (Steiner 1972)
1.additive tasks
2.compensatory tasks
3.disjunctive tasks
4.conjuctive tasks
Phenomena Affecting group performance including… (7)
Social Loafing
the ringleman effect
the Kohler effect
social compensation
social facilitation
group think
deindividuation
what is Social loafing?
Social loafing refers to the reduction of individual effort in a group setting compared to when working alone (occurs when individuals contributions are less identifiable)
What is the ringleman effect?
The Ringelmann Effect refers to the phenomenon where individual effort decreases as group size increases. (more people added to the task the overall effort per person decreased)
