Sport Psychology: Self Efficacy

Question 1

What is confidence in sport?

Answer 1

A belief in your ability to master a specific situation

Question 2

What is confidence based on according to Vealey?

Answer 2

. Personality
. Experience
. Situation

Question 3

What is personality based off?

Answer 3

Your level of competitiveness and achievement motivation

Question 4

What is experience based off?

Answer 4

Your amount of past success on the task and your belief in your ability to succeed in future

Question 5

What is situation based off?

Answer 5

Playing at home or away

Question 6

What is interaction?

Answer 6

The combination of the situational and personality factors that decide the level of achievement motivation

Question 7

What are the two types of confidence?

Answer 7

Trait confidence and State confidence

Question 8

What are the characteristics of trait confidence?

Answer 8

It is consistent, innate confidence shown in most situations

Question 9

What are the characteristics state confidence?

Answer 9

It is situation specific. It is temporary and can vary depending on the interaction of experience and personality

Question 10

What is trait confidence?

Answer 10

The belief in the ability to do well in a range of sports

Question 11

What is state confidence?

Answer 11

The belief in the ability to master a specific sporting moment

Question 12

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 12

A belief in the ability to master a sporting situation

Question 13

What does high self-efficacy do?

Answer 13

It increases task persistence and motivation

Question 14

According to Bandura, what 4 factors affect confidence in any situation?

Answer 14

Performance accomplishments
Vicarious experience
Verbal persuasion
Emotional arousal

Question 15

What are performance accomplishments?

Answer 15

What you have done before

Question 16

What is vicarious experience?

Answer 16

Seeing others (models) do it. Most effective if of a similar ability - allows modelling and copying to occur

Question 17

What is verbal persuasion?

Answer 17

Reinforcement and encouragement. Most effective from significant others

Question 18

What is emotional arousal?

Answer 18

Your interpretation of your level of anxiety. Cognitive or somatic symptoms
* a perception of the effects of anxiety on performance*

Question 19

How can you improve performance accomplishments.

Answer 19

. Set realistic/attainable goals, develop when required
. Allow success in training (early)
. Set goals on performance not outcome
. Point out past successful performances

Question 20

How can you improve vicarious experience?

Answer 20

. Show accurate demonstrations using attainable role models
. Allow modelling/copying to occur
. Build confidence by seeing a successful performance -> better if performer is of similar ability

Question 21

How can you improve verbal persuasion?

Answer 21

. Avoid social comparison
. Coach one on one
. Use rewards
. Give reinforcement and praise
. Give support and encouragement
. Attribute success internally - to athlete

Question 22

How can you improve emotional arousal?

Answer 22

. Stress management techniques to control arousal
. Use mental practice, visualisation or imagery
. Some factors can fit in other boxes

Question 23

What are the positives for a home team?

Answer 23

+ home crowd support and encouragement
+ familiar environment leads to optimal arousal
+ support increases confidence
+ support increased motivation
+ social facilitation
+ functional assertive behaviour
+ can lead to more attacking fluent play and more wins
+ home crowd pressures away team
+ no tiredness from travelling
+ more success at home

Question 24

What are negatives for a home team?

Answer 24

• can ‘choke’ -> increased pressure and expectation raises anxiety and decreases performance
• social inhibition
• evaluation apprehension
• players put pressure on themselves due to being at home

Question 25

What are negatives to away team?

Answer 25

• increased anxiety due to crowd hostility
• less effective play due to proximity/hostility of the crowd
• more fouls
• social inhibition
• away team motivated to defend
• away team commit more fouls