Sport and Society: Role of Technology in Physical Activity and Sport Flashcards
Key characteristics of physical recreation:
. Free time that can be spent actively or passively
. Fun, enjoyable, informed, winning not important, flexible rules
Functions of physical recreation to the individual:
. Develop self confidence
. Stress reduction occurs
. Develop skills
. Social skills improve
. Enjoyment is gained
Functions of physical recreation to society:
. Increase in health and fitness leading to less strain on NHS
. More individuals from different social communities interact leading to social integration
. Economic benefits when people use facilities or buy equipment
Key characteristics of sport:
. During leisure time
. More serious/competitive
. Highly structured - set rules
. Specialist equipment
. Strategies and tactics
. High skill levels
Functions of sport to the individual:
. Develop self confidence
. Stress reduction occurs
. Develop skills
. Social skills improve
. Enjoyment is gained
Functions of sport to society:
. Increase in health and fitness leading to less strain on NHS
. More individuals from different social communities interact leading to social integration
. Economic benefits when people use facilities or buy equipment
Key characteristics of physical education:
. Compulsory
. Formally taught lessons
. 4 key stages as part of National Curriculum from ages 5-16
. Begins at primary school ‘foundation level’
. Teachers in charge and deliver lessons
. Lessons are pre-planned; highly structured
. During school time
Functions of physical education to the individual:
. Development of health and fitness, positive attitudes, healthy lifestyles
. Provides opportunities for increased participation in a variety of activities
. Developing and improving a range of physical skills and competencies
. Development of social skills
. Develop problem solving skills
. Develop self analysis skills
Functions of physical education to society:
. Increase in health and fitness leading to less strain on NHS
. More individuals from different social communities interact leading to social integration (different sport cultures)
. Economic benefits when people use facilities or buy equipment
. Recreation and hobbies which keeps people out of trouble
What is outdoor education?
Activities which take place in the natural environment and utilise nature/geographical resources such as mountains, rivers and lakes
What does LEADS stand for?
. Leadership skills
. Excitement/adrenaline rush
. Appreciation of natural environment
. Decision making
. Social skills/ self esteem
What are the objectives of outdoor and adventure activities?
. Awareness of safety perceived risk
. Knowledge of respect for natural environment
. Self discovery/ self esteem
. Leadership skills
. Social/communication skills
. Teamwork
What personal factors are required to be an elite performer?
. Resilience
. Confidence
. Motivation
. Communication
. Commitment
. Determination
. High level of fitness
. High skill level
. Goal orientated
. Ability to accept constructive criticism
What social and cultural factors can influence progression, especially in early development?
. Support and encouragement from friends
. Emotional support from family
. Financial support from family
. Equal opportunities
. Role models
. Acceptance of the sport/role in society
. Equality and anti-discriminatory practices
. Local clubs available
. Access to competition
. Socio-economic status
What is UK Sport’s goal?
To develop high performance sport in the UK
What is UK sport responsible for?
. Distribute national lottery and exchequer funding - to organisations and NGB’s to maximise performance in Olympic and Paralympic games
. World Class Programme - funding Olympic and Paralympic medal potential
. Athlete Personal Award - direct funding to athletes to remove barriers to performance such as to cover costs of training, accommodation and transport
. Distribute funding to national institutes of sport - eg. the English Institute of Sport (EIS) received a 59.7 million pound grant over 4 years leading to the Rio games
. Personal LIfestyle Advice - mentors and supports athletes on lifestyle choices
. World Class Standards - promoting highest sporting ethics and anti-doping
How does the National Institute of Sport help develop elite performers?
. Responsible for delivering high class support services - training facilities, medical and nutritional advice, biomechanical, scientific and technological advice
. There are 4 UK sports institutes: - English Institute of Sport, Scottish Institute of Sport, Sports Institute of Northern Ireland and the Welsh Institute for Sport
. All are supported by UK Sport and aim to help elite athletes win medals on the world stage
What is the English Institute of Sport?
. ‘The team behind the team’ - Vision: to be the leading provider of performance impacting sports science and medicine in the world
. Owned wholly by UK Sport
. Nationwide network of world class support services aimed at developing the talents of elite athletes
. Offers services to NGB’s in return for payment (6.1 million in 2012)
. EIS practitioners gave nearly 1 million hours to over 1,100 athletes on the road to Rio
What is the world class programme?
. Operated by the EIS - ‘winning more Olympic and Paralympic medals through Performance Lifestyle Support
. Manages a talent identification and development programme through partnership between a dedicated Performance Solutions team, NGB’s and UK Sport
. The identifying and developing talent involves 4 phases: Phase 1 (Talent ID), Phase 2/3 (Talent Suitability), Phase 4 (Talent Confirmation and Olympic/Paralympic development)
What is Talent Identification?
The testing of physiological and psychological parameters that help determine the likelihood of sporting success
How is Talent Identification done?
. Physiological - fitness testing
. Anthropometry - physical characteristics
. Psychological - questionnaires and interviews
. Hereditary factors
. Social factors
. Performance potential
Talent ID examples:
. Discover your talent
. Power2Podium
What role do organisations such as the English Institute of Sport play in the development of elite performers? 4 marks
. Provides a network of centres for elite performer development
. Free of charge to performers/elite performers/financial support/training grants
. Nationally organised
. Regionally/locally delivered
. General facilities for sports science/sports medicine/nutrition
. Fitness training facilities
. Access to coaching advice
. Athlete career education
. Each facility specialises in particular sports
. Distributes funding
. Talent identification programmes
How do NGB’s support the development of elite athletes?
. Ensure equality
. Increase opportunities and participation
. Promote positive role models
. Target under-represented groups
. Invest in facilities
. Identify talent through scouting systems
. Provide coaching awards and pathway
. Provide competition and tournaments
. Provide financial support to athletes
. Ensure a Whole Sport Plan is in place
What is a Whole Sport Plan?
. 4 year plan
. How they intend to achieve their objectives
. How they nurture young talent
. Plans to increase participation
. The initiatives and how successfully they meet their sport plan determines the funding offer
. In 2006 Sport England invested £64,045,589
What is the support for talent development?
. Coordinated approach between NGB’s, UK Sport, and National Institutes of Sport
. Screening and testing of most potential performers
. Athletes identified as having specific qualities can be directed into sports
UK Sport campaigns:
. Girls4Gold
. Pitch2Podium
. Tall and Talented
. Fighting chance
. Paralympic Potential
What are the problems with talent identification?
. Many focus on physiological data that will favour early developers
. Assess current performance that will favour those who have had early opportunities - miss late bloomers
. Limited physiological assessments
. Limited assessment of the ability to learn
. Testing/screening many athletes is expensive
. Does not guarantee success
What is the World Class Performance Pathway?
. Directed by UK Sport and focused on success on the world stage
. The performance pathway offer expert coaching, leadership, support services and financial help
. There are distinct levels of support depending on how close the athlete is to winning medals:
- World Class Podium - next Olympics (max 4 yrs)
- World Class Podium Potential - 4-6yrs from medals
- Performance Foundations/Talent - Talent ID confirmation of performers who have the potential to progress to the next two levels
What is the Gold Event Series?
UK Sport bid and host major national and international events to prepare athletes. Gold events series focuses on:
. Support for high performing British athletes
. Creating high profile sporting opportunities
. Providing economic opportunities for communities
UK Sport will invest 40 million £ to host major sporting events from 2013-23
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of introducing structured talent identification programmes to support the development of elite performers? 5 marks
ADV:
. All potential performers will be screened
. Athletes directed to suitable sports
. Athletes with potential highlighted
. Can produce medallists on world stage
. Coordination between organisations
DISADV:
. May miss late developers
. Expensive
. Large number need to be tested
. Does not guarantee success
. Limited psychological testing
. Limited testing of potential to learn
Explain how UK Sport attempts to fulfil its aim of developing world class performers? 3 marks
. Cooperation with NGB’s, National Institutes of Sport
. Provide centres of excellence/UKSI/English Institute of Sport
. World Class Performance Pathway
. World Class Podium/World Class Performance - support realistic medal prospects
. World Class development/potential - supports talent performers of the future just below medal prospects
What is an amateur?
. Someone who participates in sport for the love of it and not for financial gain
. It links to the concept of athleticism involving moral integrity and trying your best
What is gentleman amateur?
. Developed in the 19th century
. By ‘gentleman’ of the upper and later middle class - they had enough wealth not to play for money
. They adhered not only to the rules but also a strict ethical code
. Sportsmanship featured heavily - it was better to lose honourably than to win by cheating
. Fair play and immediate acceptance of decisions and rules - encouraged socially accepted behaviours
. Participation in sport was more important than winning - it was character building
. Gentleman amateurs had high status (pros came from lower status) and were known as the ‘elite performers’
. Practicing/training was considered as bad as cheating - it meant you valued winning more than taking part
. Pros were thought to have an unfair advantage over those who participated as a hobby
What are examples of fair play?
. Shaking hands after a game
. Clapping a batsman in/out in cricket
. Kicking a ball out of play in football to allow for treatment of an injured player
. Fair play awards are handed out
